THE WORKING IOURNALISTS AND OTHER NEWSPAPER EiVIPLOYEES (CONDITIONS OF SERVICE) AND MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS ACT, 1-955 INTRODUCTION A large number of persons are employed in the "u1?::
newsPaPerg a1d qliodicals being published in India. Every newspaper or p'eriodical establishment-hid devised its own way of employing persons to iun its working. The Covemment of lndia constituted the Press Commission to enquire, among oth", tfirrgs, into the conditions of employment of working journalists. The Press Comrniision made certain recommerdations for improvement and 'r"lrfutior, of such service conditions by means of legislation' Accordingly the Working ]ournalists (Conditions of Service) and Miscellaneous Piovisions Bill was introduced in the Parliament.
STATEMENT OF OBIECTS AND REASONS The press commission which was constituted by Government to inquire, among other things, into the "or,dirio.,, of employment of working journalists, have made certain recommendations f- mprorrement u.,i ,ugrtution of suih'service conditions by means of legistation. These recomrnendations .or", milnimrm period of notice, gratuity, provident f,nd' settlement of industrial disputes, leave with pay, houis of work and minimum wages' All these aspects are covered in the Bill which geneially follows the lines indicated by the Press Commission; the determination of minimi* *ug!r has however, for various reasons, been left to a Board to be constituted for this purpose'
2. The Commission also suggest"a tnl application of the Industrial Employment (Standing orders) Act,1946, and the Empioyees Provident Funds Act,1952, to the industry' and such application is also fr""ra"a fJt i" the Bilt in respect of estabiishments exceeding a certain minimum size.
3. In order to provide a longer period of notice in certain cases of retrenchment' necessary legislative provision in respect oj tnu application of the Industrial Disputes Act' 1947 ' has been included in the Bill.
4. A transilional clause is also included to cover cases of retrenchment' which has occurred after the Press Commission signed their report but before the application of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, to working journaiists' ACT 4s OF 1es5 The working Journalists (Conditions of Service) and Miscellaneous Provisions Bill having been passed by both the Houses of Parliament received the assent of President on 20th December, 1955. It came on the statute Book as THE WORKING IOURNALISTS (CONDITIONSoFsgnvtcg)ANDMISCELLANEOUSPROVISIoNSACT,Ig55(45of1955).
By section 2 of the Working igulafisls (Conditions of Service) and Miscellaneous Provisions (Amendment) Act, 1974 $d;f D74) thenomenclature of Act was changed and now it stands asTHEWORKINGIounxer-ISTSANDoTHERNEWSPAPEREMPLOYEES(CONDITIONS oF SERVICE) AND MISCELLANIEOUS PROVISIONS ACT, 1955 (45 of 1955)' LIST OF AMENDING ACTS
1. The Repealing and Amending Act, 1960 (58 of 7960)' Z. The Working iournalists (AmLndment) Act, 1962 (.65 of 1962).
3. The Central Labour Laws (Extension to ]ammu ancl Kashmir Act' 1970 (51 of 1970)'
4. The Workrng Journalists (Conditions of Service) and Nliscellaneous Provisions (Amenctment) Act, 7974 (60 of 7974)' 5 The working lo.,^orirrs and other Newspaper Employees (Condilions of service) and Misceilaneous Pro"isions (Amendment) Acl' 797c) ('6 of 1979)'
6. The Workingln.,rnnllsts ancl other Newspaper Employees (Conditions of Service) and ivliscellaneois provisions (Amendment) Act, 19Bl (36 of 1981).
7. The Working-iounialists ancl other Newspaper Emplovees (Conclitions of Service) and Ivlisceilaneois provisions (Amendment) Act, 1989 (31 of 1989).
8. The Working-lournalists ancl other Newspaper Emplovees (Conditions of Service) and Miscellaneous Provisions (AmenrJment) Acl, 1996 (34 of 7996)' THEWORKINGIOURNALISTSANDOTHER NEWSPAPEREMPLOYEES(CONDITIONS OF SERVICE) AND MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS ACT, 19551 (45 of 1955) l20th Da.centber, 19551 An Act to regulata certain conditions of seraica o-f uorking journalists nnd other persons employe.d in newspaper estnblishments' Br it enacted by Pariiament in the sixth Year of the Republic of India as follows:-- CLIAPTER I PRELIMINARY
1. short title and extent.-(1) This Act may be called the 2[working Journalists and other Newspaper Employees] (Conditions of service) and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1955'
(2) It extends to the whole of India 3[***]'
2. Definitions.-In this Act, unless the context otherwise a[(a) "Board" means-
(i) in relation to working journalists' tl-re Wage under section 9; and
(ii) in relation to non-journalist newsp_aper employees, the wage Board constituted under section 13C;]
(b) ,'news paper" means any plinted periodical work containing public news o, Io**"nts on f"fU. t "*i and includes such other class of printed period.ical *ork as may, from time to time, be notified in this ilehalf by the Central Government in the Official Cazette;
(c) ,,newspaPer employee,, mean' 1.y working jotrrnalist,.u,..9 includes a.,y oti-,e. p"rro., employed to do any work in, or in relation to, any newsPaPer establishmen|
(d) ,'newspaper estabiishment" means an establishment under the control o? ,"y person or body of persons, whether incorporated or not, for the production or ptrblication of one or more newspapers or for conduc^ting any news a8encv or syndicate s[and includes newspaper establishments tp"ifi"a as one c'stabiishment under the Schedule;
, i*r""r"O to G,ru, Darna^ a1t1 Diu by Reg. 11 of 1963, sec 3 aucl Sch and to Pondicherry by Act 2(r of 1968, sec. 3 and Sch'
2. Strbs. by Act 60 t'i 1,974, sec. 2, for "worki,ug Jotunalists" (w'e'f' 27-72-7974)'
3. Tlre words "except tire state of Jammu and Kasirmir" ornittecl by Act 51 of 1970' sec' 2 and Sclr. (w.e.f. 1-9-7971).
.1. Strbs. by Act 60 of 7974, sec 3, for clause (a) (u''e'f' 27j12-1974)'
5. Ins. by Act 37 of 7989, sec' 2 (w'r'e'f' 20-72-7955)' _2 requues/- Board constittrted Sec. 2l The working Joumalists and other Newspaper Employees 3 (Conditions oiservice) and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1955 Eiplnnntion.-For the purposes of this clause'-
(a) different departments, branches and centres of newspaper establishmerrtsshallbetreatedaspartsthereof;
(b)aprintingPressshallbedeemedtobeanewspaper establishm"eni if the principal business thereof is to prinf newspaper;]
tt(dd) ,,non-journalist newspaper employee" means a person employed to do any *ork in, or in relation to, u.,y newspaper establishment, bttt does not inciude any such person who-
(i) is a working journalist, or
(ii) is employed mainly in a managerial or administrative capacity' or
(iii) being employed in a supervisory c-apacity' performs' either by the riature oithe duties ittached-to his o{fice orby reason of the powers vested in him, functions mainly of a managerial nature;]
(e) "prescribed" means prescribed by rules made under this Acu 2[(ee) "Tribttnal// Pgnns-
(i) in relation to working journalists, the Tribunal constituted under section 13 AA; and
(ii) in relation to non-jourrnalist newspaper employees, the Tribunal constituted under section 13 DD;]
3[(eee; ,,wages" means all remuneration capable of b.eing expressed in term's of monev, which would' if the Lerms of employment' expressedorimplied,wereftrlfilled,bepayabletoanewspaper emplovee in respect of his employment or of work done in such emPlolrment, and includes-
(i)strchailowances(inciudingdearnessallowance)asthe newspaperemploveeisforthetimebeingentitledto;
(ii) the valtre of any house accommodatiort, or of strpply of light, water, medical attend.ance or other amenity or of any service or
(iij) ::;li:,:x;:#"::"::t-v* of foodgrains or other articles;
but does not inch-rde-
(a) ;lnv bonlts,
(b) anv contrilrution paii'-l or: pavable bv the .employer to- any\*/ f"..i"rl iuii<l or proviclent ir.tn,i r:i: for the irenefit ol'the newspaper empl,xeg rll'ler aiif i'lr't" for the tinie being in force;
(c) irnv grraitttit-,2 p;rvable on the termi:"tation of iiis serVicc' t-'tplnn"ntio'i'-it' this clar-rse' tire l-er:l '\'rgcs'- shail 'tlso itrcltrcle rrer.r, allorvc-rrlc€s, if anv, of ;rnt' descriptirln fixed frorn ltme tc'' time;l [r'rs. br,' r\ct (r() trt it)7'[, sec 3 (''v e'f' 21-12-1q74) lns. b,,' ,\ct (r of lc)79, sec. 2 (w e f 3l-l-1979) Ins. by .\ct 3l ot 1989, sec. 2 (w.e.f 28-8-1989)' 1l :i ri I I 'i I l t.
') J.
TheWorkingJournatistsandotherNewspaperEmployees[Sec.2 (conditions" d'sr*irr) and Miscetlaneous Provisions Act, 1955 (0,,workingjournalist,,meansaPersonwhoseprincipalavocationis that of ;lo';rnaiist urr6 tiionolr'"*ptoyed as such, either whole-time or part-iime, in' or ln relation. to' one or more newspaper establishments],andincludesaneditor,aleader-writer,newseditor, sub-editor,feature-writer'copy-tester'reporter'corresPondent' cartoonist, news-pi-,otog-rapner"a.,a proof-reader, but does not include anY such Person who-
(i)isemployedmainiyinamanagerialoradministrativecapacity, or
(ii) being empioyed in a supervisory capacity' performs' either by the nature of the o"[ut*itt^tn"a'to fi1 officoor b1:::'tt" of the p;;;;sted in him, functions mainly of a managerial nature;
(g)allwordsandexpressionsusedbutnotdefinedinthisActand defined in the Industriai;r;;1;r act,794z (14 of 1947), shail have ti're mJa'l"tts respectively assigned to them in that Act' COMMENTS Evenanex-employee,whoseemploymenthascometoanendasaresultofhis resignation, comes'#i# ,n"'"*uii tf iil;;f,.ritio^ o-f 'working journalist'; Bennett Coleman €t Co- e') Ltd' v' Punya Priya Das Gupta' AIR 1970 SC 426'
CHAPTER II WORKING IOURNALISTS
3. Act t4 of 1947 toaPply to workinq iournal'sts'-(1) The provisions of the tndustriat Oisputei Xct, tgq. $4;;'i;fr), as in fo:t" foi the time being' shall' subiect to the *J;i.;Lr, ,p..iriu;;;"t-rection (2), apply to' or in relation to' working io.,rr',urii';-;h"f apPi; ;;'-;; in telation to' *ortmen within the *'"H8.:1,:11#:r thu ufor"said Act, in its applicarion to working journarists, sha, be .o^rtrr.j ;; ii * clause_ Ai;ilr."f, rJrjr," period of -notice referred to therein in relatioi i" it " ,etrencl#ur,i or a'*orkmul", the follo*P' periods of noticeinrelationtotheretrenchmentofaworkingjournalisthadbeen substituted, namelY:-
(a) six months, in tl're case of an editor' and
(b) three months' in the case of any other working journalist'
4.Specialprovisionsinrespectofcertaincasesofretrenchment.-\Alhereat any time berween if,u r+tf, drf "il;il,-ieS+, and the 12th day of March' 1955' any work*g;or*rfist had beln;#;"i.il, ne snaff be entitled to receive from the employer- , ^-^ to which he was entitled
(a) wages for one. month at the rate i**.liri"ry l"1or" his retrenchment, unless he had been given one month,s notice ," *'i,i.l-t"ro'. such retrenchment; and
(b)compensationwhichst.a[beequivalenttofifteendays,averagepay f", y".J; .ffiil;.;;;; .} '.*i." under that employer or any part thereof i't "*tbtt of six months' -;rjy A"t 36 of Lgg1, sec. 2, for 'who is employed as such in, or in relatron to' any ' ;;P;'Per establishment" (w'r'e'f' 13-s-1980)' Sec. 5l The Working Journalists and Other Newspaper Employees (Conditions of Seruice) and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1955 1[S. Payment of gratuity.-(1) Where-
(a) any working journalist has been in continuous service, whether beiore or after the commencement of this Act, for not less than three years in any newspaper establishment, and-
(i) his services are terminated by the employer in relation to that newspaper establishment for any reason whatsoever, otherwise than as a punishment inflicted by way of disciplinary acticn; or
(ii) he retires from service on reaching the age of suPerannuation; or
(b) any working journalist has been in continuous service, whether beiore or after the commencement of this Act, for not less than ten years in any newspaper establishment, and he voluntarily resigns on or after the 1st day of July, 1961, from service in that newspaper establishment on any ground whatsoever other than on the ground of conscience; or
(c) any working journalist has been in continuous service, whether beiore or after the commencement of this Act, for not less than three years in any newspaper establishment, and he voluntarily resigns on br after the 1st diy of !u.\y,1961, from service in that establishment on the ground of conscience; or
(d) any working journalist dies while he is in service in a.y newsPaper establishment, the working journalist or, in the case of his death, his nominee or nominees or, if there is no nomination in force at the time of the death of the working journalist, his family, as the case may be, shall, without prejudice !! llf benefits or rights accruing under the Industiial Disputes Act, 7947 (74 of 1947), be paid, on sirch terminition, retirement, resignation or death, by the empioyer in relation to that establishment gratuity which shall be equivalent to Jifteen days' average pay for every completed year of service or any part thereof in excess of six months:
provided that in the case of a working journalist referred to in ciause (b), the total amount of gratuity that shall be payible to him shall not exceed lwelve and haif months' average PaY:
provided further that where a working journalist is employed in any newspaper establishment wherein not more than six working journalists were emptoyea on any duy of the twelve months immediately -preceding the commencement "t thi; Act, the gratuity payable to a working journalist employed in any such newspaper establishment for any period of service before such commencement shall "ot Uu equivalent to fifteen days' average pay _f.or every completed year of service o. any part thereof in excess of six months but shall be equivalent to-
(a) three days' average pay for every completed y?u, _of service or any part thereof in excess oi six months, if the period of such past service does not exceed five Years;
(b) five days' average pay for every completed ye_ar -of service or any part thereof in excess of six months, if lhe period of such past service exceeds five years but does not exceed ten years; and -1-S;b" by A.t 65 of 1962, sec.3, for section 5 (w'e'f' 15-1-7963)' ; ,r, *:,!,!f !!li!!;2llr^u;,?Jl,ill:,Y'i::;:,f#'fJf"'nuu rsec 5 , :;":"i'f :
" l ::; ;;;:1,*.m; :;HJ"'" 0 v e ar o r s e rv ice o r anv p"t 'n?lJ"r * l.tE"''""I*;;;(t' if the putioa o[ sucir past serr tce exceeds ten years' -- of this sub-section a.d s'"rb-section (1) of Lxplnrntio[.-For the purposes .u.,it#"1'7',']jirn'rrir" means- rr working iournalist, his 't'ido''1'' children' ="' t' on' l ; l^l'i": *i,:i o"iT[,.x;#:?lttiiil" j""t p aren ts a. d the *raoJu"u'J 'r"u'"1:l*t:t1ii;:i"*'oX1*"0 to !." member of the
Provided that a-wid io,rnalist if at tn"'ii*" of his death s.e was familY of the worktng ,,,, fii,i".'*l t"' :"'t x,I *#?iii'H'[fi er hu s b an d' chil d ren' whether married ", .iil;;riJl;r,a, g'"-J"pt"d:lt p11"nts of the working iourna-Iist o,.o?,*, i.,,uu,..,a, ;;j;fi" widow and children of her deceased son:
Providedthatiftheworking]:.'..lljthasexpressedherdesireto exclude her r'usbat'i i'"*- irtt r'*iv' "'iie" husband and his a"pu,..a"'.t parents ,r.]rr ,,ot u. du",,.uj, i" u" a part of the working journalist's familY' and in either of tr-," above two cases, if the child rof a worki"g i?llluiist or of a deceased son of "u *orr.ir,e i"1rr^^i*,iu'-u""'t 'oip'"i ov uiotrt"t person and if under *,e perslnuiiu*-oi ,r'"'ll;;i;;; 'aop'io'il *t*' recosnised' such a chiid sha, nor U"'.or,rla.red as, H"'fi;; of tf'" fu*iiyl? t(e workrng journaiist'
(2) Any dir;'t" *h"th"' 1yilil#;r"*"i1'1t it" r'oluntaril' ftT:iil"# serv ice in any'';:; ,n ;;;; -* Yf;;;:1;*',.tJ "Hi$ J "+-lff"-i;;' t'iul i".*"a- to be an industnat c *iH[:,ff ';^iiifl,s,1::f ;':'lir*]itgd*iiq-'#;l;"' -tgi"Where a nominee' it' li become payau[ during r.i, **o.,ii; ;^;[,11u. p,,a i," I pl,'o" appointed under sub-sectio" tgi of r".tt,l ?o.- ,",..,o suchperson, payment shall,be made to any "*- pio"ia"a 't#t;il;;' 't::: I fiXi'";ir%"#;? #;il"*pltenl-;ourt or where s,Ji;;;r",[i*"*ffil'l'J;;Ait either ;.^*"i;i-'he minor, or where i:;*'lrx:lt'riil,i!':?",i[;il;;"'diii':1'1;" ilffii: I:,'*o or more ":fi#:1J.:1'xt' s*;3:':'ff f;T,";il; ;*li;";r"ii be paid'Lo tire ""1[t?il"#il""",'ntilit']^s'"YT:':'i;lli.:,"T"1{ilT"5"?:"iff, contained #"il;l;" iT,:l',-:'#:, Ti":";"ril'i.i-;'i,r,ll: io a vuorkins testamentary or otherr't'rse ui ourn a i i s u :lT. t x 1nH lli :tr*;i $ilff : l-i ff tTl tx"'fJ ,ii:
confer o" o:] I=i -,Jt.,n i"orr*ulist, the "uT".l:-t^:fl1 i"'"^ia the sum due being a.,u t3 i.," *o,t*g p;*ii,t, tn..""#;;;i1, .[" tr.'J death of the ilTt;3.',"ilH'i?'tfu *r.ffi'r5*=T:ll#:'H'Hffi ''"'i'i''u'lio"i' in respect LrtErcv.r f i" ,n" prescribed manner.
t*d :t :'i::"jz 0t Doz,sec. 3, for section 5 (w'e'f' 15-1-1e63)'
1. Subs' b)' Act 6:
Sec. 101 The working Jottrnalists and other Newspaper Empl.oyees (Conditions ols"iri) and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1955 Act 65 of Act 65 trf Act 34 of Act 34 of Act 34 of
(2)Anynominationreferredtoinstrb-Section(1)shal|b-":1l:^]oidifthe nomineep,ed'ece,ses,orwheretherearetwoormorenominees,allthe nominees p,"au."u,e,,the working jotrmalist making the nomination.
(3) \Mhere the nominee is a minor, it shall be lawful for the working joumalist makinf the nomination to appoinl .u"Y Person rn the prescribed manner to recerve the grat,ity lr, if,e "'Jtit of his a"utf' during the minorify of the nominee.]
S.Hoursofwork.-(1)SubjecttoanyrulesthatmaybemadeunderthisAct, no rvorking jotrrnalist shall be required or allowed to work in any newspaper establishment for more than onJ hundred and forty-four hotrrs during any period. of four consecutive weeks' "*ti"it'u of the time for meals'
(2)Everyworkingjournalistshalibeallowedduringanyperiodofseven consecutive days rest ior a period of not less than twenty-f9ur c.onsecutive hours' the period between 10 P'Ni' and 6 A'M' being included therein'
Explanation.-For the purposes of this section, "week" means a period of seven days beginning at mid-night on Saturday'
7. Leave.-without prejudice to such holidays, casual leave or other kinds of leave as may be prescribed, "rury *orking journalist shall be entitled to-
(a) eamed leave on fuli wages fJr not less than one-eleventh of the Period sPent on dutY;
(b) leave on medical certificate on one-half of the wages for not less than one-eighteenth of the period of service' i[g. Fixatio* J, revision_ of rates of wages.-(1) The Central Govemment may, in the manner hereinafter provided'-
(a) fix rates of wages in respect of working joumalists;
(b)revise,fromtimetotime,atsuchintervalsasitmaythinkfit,the ratesofwagesfixedund'erthissectionorspecifi:dii.theordermade under section O of the Working Joumatists (Fixation of Rates of Wages) Act, 1958 (29 oi 1958)'
(2)Theratesofwagesm.lybefixedorrevisedbvtheCentralGovernment in respect of working iournalirtr-io. time work and ior piece work'] 2[9. procedure for fixing and revising rates of wages'-For the purpose of fixing o, ,.ririr[;* of *I.ges *.-*O"ifof working iournalists under this Act' the Central Gov[rnment shall, as and *hu. tt"t""uiy' constitute a Wage Board which shall consist of-
(a):r[threepersons]representingempioyersinrelationtonewspaper establishments;
(b) a[three persons] representing working jotrrnalists;
(c)s[fotrrinclependentpersons],o.'"ofwhomshallbeapersonwhois, orhasbeen,aJttdgeofaHighCotrrtortheSupremeCourtandwho shallbeappointedbythatGovernmentastheChalrmanthereof'l 1962, sec. '4, for section 8 (rv'e f' 15 1-1963) )tgoz., ur.4, for section 9 (w'e'i' 15-i-1963)', 1996, sec. 2(i), for tft" *otao "lwo persons" (w'e'f' 28-9-19-96)' 1996, sec. 2(ii), for the words "iwo persons" (w e'f' 28'-9-]:9.-6)'^^.
1996, sec. 2(iii), for "three intlependent persons" (w'e'f' 28-9-L996)
1.
2.
.r.
4.
5.
Strbs. Lr1, StiL,s. by Sr"rbs. bv SuL.s. by Subs. by BTheWorkingJournalists,andotherNewspaperEmployees[Sec.10 (conditiois'-'o,i sr*i"r) and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1 955 1[10. Recommendation by Board._(1) The Board shall, by notice published i, such mal.,ner ,, i, ini^t, fii call uPon.new:,p^q:1 9:tablishmentT":
working journalists ,.a oir,", pel:ons interested in the fixation or revision of rates of Wages of ,*,orking lournalists to *ut.. ,,.t., rep.resentations as thev maY 0rink fit as respects the.;,;;i'*ugu, *hi;;*rV U.ifxed or re,ised under this Act in ,"rpu.t of working journalists'
(2)Everysuchrepresentationshallbeinwritingandsha.l]bem3dewithin such period as the Board *rr- rpu".rfy ; the notice"and shall state the rates of wases 'u,hich, i" ;" ;i"1"" ;lf i-J;#;; 1,1ltlq lhe representation' would be reasonable, having regard to the .;;;;ity of the t"*ptoyui to pay the same or to anv other circlrmstance, whict "r"it*,y '"u* relevint io the person making the ;#r;ilr;i"" i" t"ration to his representation'
(3)TheBoardshailtakeintoaccounttherepresentationsaforesaid,ifany, and after "*u**i.[ tnu *utu.rut' ptutta before it make such recommendations as it thinks fit to th? Centrrt cor"lrfi.i, r- ir...
-ri*utio" or revision of rates of wages in respect-oi *ort*g 1or;dirts; and any- such recommendation may soecifv, whether prospective;ly or;;;ffii""ry' ih" dutt from which the rates "i *''# 'l:X',iJ*;"ji:"I-:ndations to the centrar Government, the Board shall hav" ,"guid to the cost ;i-1i;itg, the .prevalent rates of wages for comparabr" "*iiJy*91i, ,f,. :::;;hc"es relating to the newspaler industry in different regrori of the.orr-rtrfur',Ji" ""y "trteicircumstances which to the Board may seem relevant'] 2|Explanation,-Forthe removal of doubts, it iS hereby declared that nothing inthissub-sectionshallpreventtn"nou,afrommakingrecommendationsfor fixation o, ,"'i'iott-J 'ui"' of wages on all h:rdia basis'l COMMENTS
(i)Sincealltheunitsofanesiablishmentarenotexpectedtoformuniformpay-scaies for the "*ptoy""s oi uu the units tffi';:1;;;::*itTi.j; ::",'#T:1?,t5;,li:,;:31 ;;;.;i, .d an all India newsPaPel establishment as a ."rr"r,rl u.,d th" financial .lpu.lti"oi-r1i tn"^1iits taken together; Indian Express Newspapers tp.l ia'''"|'i"ii" oimai'' AIR 199s sc 965'
(ii) In,riu* oisection 2(d) and explanation to section 10(4) of the Act' the units of an establishment which have bran.;;t iii'";;; ilt; ;;t!'clubbed tosether for the purposes of fixation of wages^on ;ii hd; ; as;s; tndian Express Newspapers G) Ltd' v' 'U"iLi ,|lndia, \994(6) lT 269 SC 1" . ,a n^^-r /r\ G,rrlriprr ro tt 3[U.. Pow"* ".a p,g::dY," of the Board.-(1) Subject to the provlslons contained ^ #;;;Jn (2)-, the Board may exerclse all or any of the powers which an Industrial Tribu^ut .oirti*i; ,t'itt tn" t"a"ttrial Disputes Act' 1947 (i4 of tg41),.*"i.ir", for the "dil;;;;n of .an industriai dispuie referred to it and shali, subject to the proririjif-.o^iui""a in this Act' and the rules' tt any' made thereunder, have power to i"g''tute its own procedure'
(2)Anyrepresentaliollmadeto"theBoardandanydocumentsfurnishedto it by way of evidence shallU. of""1o inspection ott piy*"nt of such fee as mav il" pr"#tbed, by any Person iriterested in the matter'
2. Added oy'ott ai ti'is}s' sec' 3 (w'e'f ' 28-8'-79'89)' ' 3' Subs' uV oti-ii " llqez' sec' 4' for section i1 (w'e'f' 15-1-1963)' 1l lr ii l it 'ii !.
Sec.13A]TheWorkingJourna'listsandotherNewspaperEmntguee.l.9ponlitioi" of-service) and Miscellaneous Frovisions Act, 1955
(3)If,foranyreason/aVacancyoccursintheofficeofChairmanoranyother member of the Board, the Centrai-Government.-shau fill the vacancy by appointing anothJr"purio., thereto. lil u.*tJu"ce wlth the provisions of section g and any proceedin-g may be .o.,tii.rl;-;;i;;" the eoard so reconstituted from ffi t I #: ;:*lll lt"#l'iia.3:t["$i te, en r911e re commendations o r the wage Board.-(1) As soon as *uy-it urtel llie receipt of the recommendations of tie Board., the Centrut Gor.r#7;^;hr11 *ukt'u'l order in terms of the recommend.ations or subject to ,.,fr'il"aliit"tlt"s'.if any' as it thinks fit' being mod.ifications which, in'!he opinion;ilh;-e;"ttiico'iernment' do not effect important alterati^Jns i'' tn" th'u'uttt' of the recommendations' ^ (2) Norwirhstanltnq .qyrlyg' .o^id*d in toult".tlo" (1), the Central Gov;rnTei'#il''rt"i^'til:l,tit;;"., in the recommendations, not being modifications of tf," ^uti,iu "futt"a to in sub-section (1)' as it thinks fit:
ProvidedthatbeforemakingalYsgchmodifications,theCentral Government shall .urrr" ,,Jii."io b'e grven to all persons likely to be affected thereby in such;;;;;*Eybe presciibed, and shall take into account any r"pr"r#iliioL;hi;( tr..i *uy make in this behalf Oi ilr}"rtilt;"%*mendarions or any part thereof to the Board' in which case, the centrai corru**unt shall consider its further recommendations una'?Ju 1., order either in terms of the recommendations o, *itrr'J.,.r, modificatio"t or the nature referred to in sub-section (1) as ii tftit'rc fit' r --.^r^- tLic cpntic
(3) Every "rd#;;l;i *l Central Govemment under this section shall be published in the olfi irul burutt -il;;th; *ittt the iecommendations of the board reiating,",t" l.a".La,n"'lii..*ilii;;" into operation on the date of publication or ;';;;rt.. *r,.til"i fr[rp".ti"e1y or retiospectively, as may belpecified in the order'] .., r r^ -.,aaac ar han those
21tS. Wo.king journalists entitled to wages at rates not less t specified in the o-rd"r.-On tf,u .o*ii! iri1o. op"gtutiotl of an order of the Central Government under section tZ, euiiy irork'nf lot'*uiitt shall be entitled to be paid by his emploY:'y,1g::'t trtt "ui;";ht?t'srtadin no case be less than the rate of wages ,p"ilfiud in the order'l 13A- Power of co"""*J"i to fix interim rates of wages'-
(1)Notwithstandirtganylhinq.*^.,m"a_"..thisAct,wheretheCentral Governme.,t i, oiop"inioritf,utlt iu *.urrurl s: to.do' it may' after consultation with rhe Board, ;r"[il]t:r*" * iilofft ciil Gazette, fix interim rates of wages * 'EYT:;t#"'.1ii.",trJ3r"ilil,-ltJ; so fixed shalr be binding on all e,mprovers -in relation to newspaper establishments and every w-'kin[ jotrrnalist shall be entitled to be paid *..g"s at a rate *f itn shalf in no case' be"less than the interim ;il'c"l*i+:,*f ;qU'i;;::";1.[ ).,,'d".
sub-section (1 ) shari remain in force trntil the order of the ce..t,,t Government under section 12 comes into operation.]
1-S,tbt-by Act 65 ol 7962' sec' 4' for section Z. S"Ut' Uy ntt 65 of 1962' sec' 4' for section 12 (w.e.f. 15-1-1963)' 13 (w.e.f. 75-l-1963)' l l rl !l 1l lOTheWorkingJourna.lists,andOtherNewspaperEmptoyees-[Sec'13A (conditiojs"'oi ir*i"r) and' uiriittrr"ous Provisions Act, 1 955 COMMENTS Sincethefixingofinterimwages.,,.,,'n\^Ia)/afinaldecisionaStofixationofrates of wages, tne purties .o.."r.,"d ;^" ^^f""f"if*' uttd "iftttive representation to the wase Board *,hich makes, after due .;;i;;r;;ion, fresh t"to*tt'""dations to the Central Go.)er.,ment for ".;;;;;;". Hence, J.:.i.::'ffi'f*:*o"o under section 12 of the Act making it incumbe#;;';;"'A;ruicor"r.,ment to git""n"u'ltg to the,lult"t affected or serve notice oufo." or at the "'g"'"i^Ji;o''' Xf interim i"ug"t'-is^certainiy not appiicable to ,".tio,i ig i; enonao gr;* ir;ii'Lta' '' t)nion of lndla' 1989 74 FIR 401' 11rsAn'.ConstitutionofTribunalforfixing.orrevisingratesofwagesin respect of workiie io*T*11i":'-ldfrilIT:*11g anvthirs contained in this Act, where the CZntrai Government is "f .!11:l iftui tfr;
"eoard.-constituted undersectiongforthepo,Pg,".offixingorrevisingratesofwagesinrespectof working journaliJts ;d., if,i, e.t;;;;"i been abl-e to tunction (for any reason whatsoever) effectively, ar-rd u,r tt e .ir."*trrnces, it is necessary so to do' it may' bv notification ;',h"^'dfft.Lr cur"ii.l .""ttr*te a Tribunai' which shall consist oi u purrrr-, *r,olr,-o, has been, ,i;g;;; u-urght Court or the supreme court' for the purpose of fixing o, ,"rr'ir*! rates of- *ugut in respeci of working ,*'[iff.]|;iJffitit;".,.^, 10 to 13A shali uppry ,o, u^1, in relation to, the Tribunal consrituted under *u*".ri"" ol of iitit. :.ttt'.o^' ,lhu Central Government and working lorrrniirl;;;;1".; io the modifications that-
(a) the refererr."i to the Board therein, wherever they occur' shall be construed as references to the Tribunal;
(b) rn sub-section (3) of section tl'-
(i)thereferencetotheofficeofChairmanoranyothermemberof the Board shall be-construed ur- u l"i"t"rl.u io the office of the ;;;;;;"stituting the rribunal; and
(ii) the reference to ,"Jrior,9 shallbe construed as a reference to subr".ii"" tf) of this section; and
(c)thereferencesinsection13andsec-tion].3Atosection12shal1be construed ", ,"f.,",.,]^"", to ,".tio', ].2 read with this section.
(3) The Tribunaf in discharqi"g 1t'ft*t-1i:T-under this AcL mav act on the evid.ence recorded Uy t\9 Wage Bou-ra or partly '"il'a"a-Uy tf-t" wag6 Board and ;rtary recorded by itself: - -, :^ ^r ^-ininn rh; rtion of any-of Provid.edthatiftheTribunalisofopinionthatfurtherexamlne the witnesses whose evidentt^t'u'-ufiludy Ut"tt recorded is necessary in the interests of justice, it may ,u-rrrrrl***ur,V ,y& *it"ttt' and after such further examinatiott, t'o"-examinatiJ;;;-e*1mi"'ti;;if ;y' as it may permit' the -'i"tr #'ifi :I"'Iil*,:i ?r u rribunal under sub-section (1), the B91d constitutea r.rau, section 9 and^functioning i**"Jiut",y before such constitution shall cease to exist and the *.;b";;."*iit't*;lh;; il"'rd shall be deemed to n*;;ffil::
IHI#!i?.,,* rates of wages fixed bv th: Central Government under section 13A in respect oi *orti^g Jorrr"uiots'and in force immediately
1. Ins. by Act 6 of 1979' sec' 3 (w'e'f ' 31-L-t979)' i lli ,1l ir 1 Sec. 13DDl The Working Journa'lisi and Other Newspaper Employees^' 11 pon-aiiionso{service)Zia-ui",,llaneousbrovisionsAct,l9SS before the constitttion of the Tribunal shall remain'in force until the order of the Cenrral cor.*#i,';;;"; ,".tijil U^;;; *l*'^ir'i' section comes into operation'l II)HAPTER rlt- NoN-JouRNALIsi'isEwspiPER EMPLoYEES
138. Fixatio,i'o.,revision "f .;";;i *g", of non-iournalist newspaper employees.-(1) 'f-n"^t..,trof Government may' in th; manner hereinafter pr"'"1*9ar,., - espect of non-iournalist newspaper emplovees;
' (u) fix rates of wages m rt and ^r crrrh intervals as it may think fit' the
(b) revise' from time io time' at sttch inte 'uttl'oi 'i'g"; ii*ua,under jhit t::l"^ibv the Central Governnie*t ,^ . ::f 3;:i *iu i *m:,x*; #::*Jiriil:'"""';i,i*" * "'r.
and f o r p ie c e work'
13c. wage Board, for fixing or revising rates of waqes in r-e-s,pect of non- ]ournalist ,.,.*,-pu|u, "*!T.{:"^,.-ro, the ptrrpo,u tr riii'.g or.revising rates of Lylf ;,,,1:1,"Xffi """'.!ffi ';'f ffi l*Ffui:nf t"X'fS':fii:;t?":l;
*t i.f, shail consist of--
(a) 2tthiee persons] representing employers in relation to newspaper estabtisirmenis;- trnalist newspaper employees;
6; 3lrriiee f"tto"tt representing non]ou and
(c) t[iJ'-tr ind'ependent personsl' 01! of 'whom shall be a person who is' or. has been, u l.,agJli;Hsr.t .;,,' *ii.'" 6"0':r". Cor'rrt and who ,;ift ;-;iliili:{,,:;:**ff *$**j[;,:l;iiffi ,h"J1?lr 13D' APPlication o{ certar t3A sh..r[I .-.ppif ,o, and. in *i,*I.;;..h;.*"",J:="5;;il;;
trnder section L3C, the Central Coirernment and. ^"f-;t*arist newspd;p1o'""t' subiect to the moclifications that- i working joumalists therein'*o'" ''"1'u;
Hitil?:;: "i:.,,:T.,'.ft rr!:::",-J ;;'ra'i"1v uu-'ur"'"''ces to theBoardcortstitttte'i'"*at"ottililigi'"at"non-ior-rrnalist' ;-'"tp;p"t ":t4"fi;luu.rio" (3) o!' section 11 io section 9 shall be (tri Ffiffi ,:"ffi t':i:ruffi; ]i,i,,\:,::,:,,o'r 12 sharr be (cl the references 1n .:::1"-"r^""*-ti,.,r", Lj. re;,..l ..vith ihis r-onsl"rti+:ti t''u '"t"'Jitoo 'o secttcrn'il';;''"i-;'rith ihis'st:ti'ion'l :;11:nU. lonutit*ti,rr.."' triir**"t'-fo' tixifli ':r revisiu'g tates of wages rn respecr ,t -^,,r,-jo.,roaris, - ***rpop"..- --l;,;i;
l],ti , I\iofi'vithstarr"ditrg r,ri,*.,,Y..*ci irr tlris r.,,l,inl*'u ti.e C*,..,t,,1,1 .'j,.,u,..,.,.,nter.i !5 p1 6pinicrn Nhat L.(ihapr,eri1,\icclr,.tairrirrgst,etionsl3B,l3C&i3D)rrrsbvAct6(ltlf1974,ser:'{ (rv.e.t.2l-il-197't) aril ior tl:re *,orcls "two pt:rsons"..(rv e i' 18-9-1996)' I srtbs bv '0" r+ .:,t l::"' ::: lll;,t;J.T."lT;5'"1;:'';;;s" (w e f 23-o-tee6)
3. sttl,s. oi, o.i ,t ri ]l.ll'' 1"^' r,,o. rhe words ",*"'J;'.1;;;;;"ipers,ns" (w e f' 28-e-tee6) -t srrbs bv Act 34 0f lgq6' sec'' 5 rns b1L:;;;l'io' '"..
{ (w e f' 31-1-le7o)' I rqec. 13DD \\ ,, rhe worki,el:ii::i''::;if,,?!;:lz:'3::;:':YfliT;': * ,."",, plirZoiril' oi service) and.''"i i[',^, 1n. purpose of fixing or revlslng the B o ar d c on s t i * e d ":* r X:[:;l: *X#;;l *#il?nt U:"'qi 6 n:'":l il"1t"""#"H?TH;;'ii"i ilv^l:1;';;;' ;/ "::'il" who is, o'13'Deel1, .i,..,*',lu,i..i ', " i:ff:'#i, i!fi,*?[f3:*,",?ilii.";"*se or rixrng or Gazey^ ronstitutea Ifl , r, o L?'J,T' fi ,n- :""T Ii ;;:, :ln"ru,i^'i" "' "*'' p u f, J"' * pt ov " " s un d e r ,euis#g rates of wages llr rcov"-- ,r ^^n*z to. and i. relation^to, the rhis Act of section,:o :"^_i3f 1ii, 3i*r,{t::;",:,"1+x :""",ffi:(2) The provision: ";;;; ,..rb-r.-.Lspaper empioy Tribtrnal constitutet #il;r-ruiirt newsPaper errtpruvu""r , rL GoverrLment and florFltru""*^-- , ,.-^*r,ins iournalists therein ;::TH'ilL$,# ^::,,J1i,i'#:.^ilfl"I::l$:,'i!Ui#':*::T;',\- ' *n rJ"", ,*y ":ty il^-journalist ^"*;?fi;'"'ifioy"t':erences tu \ the riiuunal and to'nc -r:^- 11 - ' -.^^*lrpr of Ithe lrrpu'-' ;^i; of section l1'- rv other membgr'of
(b) Ti)'."1ffI'.",:# ; ;" "rT1."JfI^XH:,:lg'1""* ;irice or the
(1)'f"*:t:""'lttrltri:*^l#i*.*uasarererencetosub- Person constrtutu't 'rf , ;na,,be construed ns & r€rercr'-' shall be I I \ I,^ t sec 17r p:n,#";:':i::l:;:;'':;;ii':?!',,1tr:Y8:::[:#''flf"'zuu r r ;;:ffi:'trx'%'**ifl';fl #*fff$ryHfi1#''ifffi \ '*'if"T','F"i:i1:#i;:t;'".^'lT*1Ji''il; i" .rbrishmen,.',.-^,Il;j,T,;"#"?
I a workman uu"t)i'^:;,^ ,,rolv 1s newspaP",T-:";;being, shali apptl^:; ;";i'A ef$fiflr+fiI,f#f*fi*l1}:*m,l.ll"q;lru '] Provident Fun newspaper est day, as il t.t:"^'::ii"ta ir, a notificat'o-,t^'.' ,i'u ".*rpaper €rlrytv7"- lJ,'i;o P:"ir'X"t'J:"l"i ft;;t',ilf fi " d rrewspavc' ii secrion (r) .?rlil * meaning of that ^':- ,,r r employee wltnur LrrL ^- CHA1TER IV ,\ H}T,idmfu;HH'iffi Yr.,.,"*i,r.. :*,::XtJ:;il1#',.?ud" u.ro" o _-, ^r service or contract ot servrLs/ "-- o.rch ^w&rd, agrlem:ll.,"Jtf$.li "i ";, i Act: .-l^nro rrndet &fI) >u-" -_-ri+lod to beneut"_-',^ r^'^ -^r.rrrld be ,i Pr'v'[;* or otherwi matter wk entitled ut the rnore receives t newspap trrantin,,,:'il ;lflT',",l ,il;;{;;a:l:i,::'::#, -i;1iTil;: by reason:,,n,,:
iavotrrable to tttrt' "'.- ^^* to disrniss, dlsctra'?iii*t-,ment shall, oy.
-'l-l"rf ied rn "'t*mlUJ*#rf*ff*Iffiqn$o ernl tiabiiity,rortffil t"*r*.":J:,lffi"ltjr, aismiss, dtscnat5' -.. -mnrrnr is T,,ilt.J.l,l,l'i;;o t"""':" ^';::'", emproyer.-(r, _,,.,er, rhe newspaper "''1}1tg'ipfigfi,$*fffij:$ffidtte ul emPlc in the preittdtce :^", ;^l the recoverv ''_^";;, State Cov.rlTt::'^.'lortliicate fot bou"l.,'i.,', roi trrl ;::;;:ilr:!iilL1,[.?i,".'iilHi,L Til'i'in';; ror that """i*-*Ji";",'*tii;:".::,',,i.-*,.",,aneous provisions Act' Ie52 11e or Ie52) b"3 * -*,* ,h" Emprovees'i,:""".T';;... r ]l:r;tlruil, ", 1s-r-1e63).
r rns bv Act ,u.:t.:,i;;; ;, ror sectior 2 Surbs bY Act b5 ot \ 14TheWorkingJourna.lists,andCtherNewsyaperEmployee's-'[Sec'17 Gonditio-ns'''ois'*i'")and'i''J"Gn'ousbrovisionsAct'1955 amount to t'e corlector, and the colrector sharl proceed to recover that amount i5liff1i*ru;,m"X1 $"':liiil'f,:""nder:
trris Aci to a ne\^/spaper emplo'ee rto* nil'l;o#t '*-s;;;^e"t'er,ment may' on its ou'n motion or ,por1 appricatro,.,;;;d to it, refer in. qo"rtion t9 '";;il;yls"11] c.nstituted i,i i, under'1"'i^Jf i!;"i o,1ffi:[*',l3i|l,i-:1""' *'giiiidp:
.irr*-tru"ding law relating to tnve ir-r force i. the sor.-"^a i'he said X.?;i;; 'r'utt i-'"'"'-tr"tt in relation to the Labour Cotrrt as if the question ,o'r"f"r,"d \^/ere u *lt*t referre'J to the Labour %1,i3t;1;:,i":ii!irya,^;Hi,'3il;1 be. forwarded r,v 1' to the state Go'ernmer^,t which made the refeietttu u'a u'^'y'I*o"'"ti found due by the Labo*r Cor.rrt ,.rrv b" reco,ered i,-t 't'tt rnanner pt";il; in sub-section (1)'] :riif#'#l the application ror 1o::'"'v is made) w*i refer,n" qr"rr,"^rr,o,n".^*iili'i'.,"'i"^, r-^u,i.ir Court' and the latter upon reaching its decisiJn'*,ti for*ur, ,t ilin";;;;:'',*i'itn'i'irithen directthe collector to recover ,r.n o-oi .,r) iin orrit ctrort'i.'ni,riett cotenton'L"'*'.ii.i u'a',11987171 FJR 176 (SC)..iltzA.Maintenanceofregisters,records,u,,qmustet-rolls.-Every "*plovu'TT'"1'"";f,';"J'fl 1il'iJ'-','#i#**ll''xln:'"x1Til-t:
such registers' ,r"r.rifrEa I . t1r T.Lo srate Government may, by notification in the I".*Fi*:r"*{:$tr,}:?h']ffi 1*}t"ftut*-ni*l;'."il#:i}fi frtPot.t -of.
this Act and maY L*eicise their functions'
(2) Any f^rpl.i"i appoinJed under sub-section (i) may for the purpose of ascertaining ;;,.',;; ui.y or i-,"-'p."risions or"inir'Art'o' gj^th" working Iournalists Gi*ation of i{ate' ;f tf;;"'l et1,' rd'sa Qg or 1958)' have been compiied *,,r, * ,*i".t of u ,,-u*'rpulper estauii.sfmSj;"n as he may consider tul ttqii'"X tt"ptoyer to furnish such necessary; . - limo pnter anv newspaper establishrrrent or any to) f,g#x;nf."'. i'il:;tii,. ryg XI6;.*v one :"#f"[ ;Hf,:
#,'," tr#' Hilr';:".'ffi ,ii':
;:ffi :l!:'ffi-F:;ffi ;' ; i p't?*"' o'.tlt p'y*"'lt of wages in the estabiishrnenU
(c) examine *,ith ,es.Je.i," ,,.,y m-atter re].ewant to any of ttre purptrses aforesaid, tt." u*pj-ovl,, m agent o, ,*,"u''t or any other person foundinchargeSi't1".:';;rp",po'"establishmentoranyPremlses connected therewith or an)' pt""" whom the Inspector nas reasonable cause '"'t'ti*- to b" o' io hut'" been an employee in the establishmenU .u,ffffJ"T,,"'^:ilj, j35.,""xffi [ j1"fl #I"*$l;::-;:ffi ,i,il.ff;
(ul I*""lse such otr-tJ'-po*ers as may be prescribed'
1. Subs. bv Act 65 of 1962'sec 5' for sectior-r 17 (w'e'f' 15-1-1963)' I II sec 1er ,"!,i0,{,i,i!':i::l[:;'';;tr':!;;lzy'Si::;':#''f!'i"'Zu' 15 ' ,,, ::;,ilJir#r!#[n**li;r ; ;::: sewan'[ wi'lhin'ihe \ T:\ meanin
(4),ffiI #Ht#?#,#J[$tlf;:i ff'm*T#tffiu"S o" \ ffi '*T : - ffi :r;;;:#ilffiTsffi',ffi l"Ti't?ff" *#i I
18. penaltv - 19lf3""-il"tip;:ilil;*'" "*'nT::r",** I Act or--,.*r rule or ordernrli-r"p"", : ^r anv offence under thrs Act,il rrr,utt t{*#fim**;,t*Hflfr':}i"'.'ffiry::Iil' convffi ;";:1.:I" -"..lf,IT':Iffi'* :;;i;n:il5' ;::'ffi::"'il; ibe Pt'*#,'** ] \,nI com t \ pro( I \ ,"'I;'^"liffttfii#ffi[si'"f,1::"#ht ffi*5: #.xf!i'* r*d " jiG"* s."F'lhl31$ilfi ;HHf .:Tr# fr. ::i"r,.ffi '$l"":,iTfl :l',"S;tmtir^;*"1":"sil':',",ir'd,:;Hllj'"J{:If,f,*n5lijlitt and incltrdes a firm or other
(a) ;::nffiH" $'ffi;,f\l: ili:::ff :,1;:[:,:$:J':'il']' o*n' -,,\^J..*"xi..;i;T[l1[HHT;tr 4#., section .ion, ulless !h;
iir-st class sha ,",-Jiil:
;5;:t* rytl*ffi ,;- I;l ffi n ;TI [t;u l',16 "T $?r: x1:l "l;*!"i:+ ifi :';i*"' .3"1ii,",'"q.,,ff,J'*;Xl 'jlu.
i;"; oi int.''" .rnYthing wl I strbs ol oo 65 oi 1e62':':
'i ::; ;l:ifi}'f t'
2. Ins. by Act 6 of 1979^'.s"1^].
)*,*.".,. lt-t-"u'i' 3' lns' bY Act 65 of 1962' sec I 1\1.
1' tn'rrnetists and other Newspaper'llotfYees -- [sec' 19A I 16 The Workins^Journatisl 'and' ?!:;;;-"";-t'iuisions iit' tess \ olilZni"""'o'is''ui'") and *'t.'""'^, rn invalidate acts'-N? utt ,:: 1 ,*i[3fr*"",1:1;jfur:i:'#,*1fi11$-:'-tl";***, }Lxistence of anY '"',1 r r n r,"' : t;, ) ;|lt?'; l!'ir ; :i-', n, p p1 1 : i;lf r,ff *, X,lff ;H','J',;;
lil:':iH':ilfi:li:."t,,'H,s:""iGil:]',i.!fd*JTy;l[,ltrfi "#)iii U"or,;*;i1::r,i;*i;ijl,)' 3;; i.-uG, L:"'::9., ti on, C ont,or #' ii p " ui r ciuit s"t'it"t-!l;;;r"ii-b"ru,''.e_services tctasll;';; ;;y other rules or Re gtrla tio"', t'YI;l^^ "o^t, *31,t"'lf,llt$iif rtfl; .;,ar Gov ernment in the Rules or the r *-tlti""s that maY be-notified tt oiri.iut Gazette' ao"i'l . t1r The Central Government may' by,notification
20. power ,9 *"rt" rules'-(1"s to carry out tn. f"'p"t:: of this Act' ^ ,n"'Otticial Gazette' make rult
(2) rn o*.nr",. and withi ifi*ilt,n',i;l*,.l:lJ[: i:[3# o o#, t,' ;:fi ff : ruTfi"|", :,U*irsaris'[s ;
fitl[*I;l,t6+9ru*it*"i'+I::r'"'i:I,3':"'* \ II ".-' 'iv oir'"' kind or |gnve '"IT;"'''u*,:t:i',fr0'I',ffi:"fl' I ' (e) theformoi'tt*nutions'andthemannerlnwruurt":'^-.'^^-,, \ I \L, u" *ua";
I (0 *",trsfiiltffii1fliffir*"":,::ointedrorthepurposes \ I (g) tr-," ruriuiio]-r'ol.ur,.u11"t'"^ "t'"ominations; ) of sub-section (2) of i I 6'*hTitT'";s","*:o""under'*'"':";";; 1 i I (i) *u;f:rL:::$rshmftTi^ri*t::ilffiT\J.'t I ;hould be PrePared an 4 sch r ,r'J"rr\:::':f !:i:;:i*:;r'#":!;;l,:'3::'";'iJJo'f!f"'Zuu 11 ,;'liffi :il"i:'.',',?L,T$'il'."'!'r,;i*fu :*'11*:l$#ii,r,i:,'tl#[ H#:T x{il $*1f"1:+ tti:"yiil [ii, :1;1'"i *'r' mo d i r ic a'[ion o r annutmenr shalr b-e *iUno.rt pr"irraiL tl iit 'uriai'y ii "Jy'r'*g previously done l*"#'il;i rule I _ ^ . 4 ^c.rocc _[R epealed by the REealing and Amending Act' lli,l; f;;L;', :;'; :":^Tif ;t;':i";;
"'i 1s6,,1 rlrHE scHEDuLE [See section z(d)i t. For the purposes of clause f]ti:ffiIl':*"'cornmon controt shail be deemed
(1) two or more newsPuP"t '"?-ti to u" onJt"u;;P^i"i establishment;
(2)rwo"';;;;""*'pup"l:diiilu''t'o*o"dilJil'#'":ttl"''"TitT'"i'1"i sPouse iil; ;;' a"",''i"1' l"*:J,ffi"I"iiffiJ"i' ffi';;;holder or a corporate that such sPouse it 1 :?1"-Y'ffi';;; l"diuia"ut tunds;
,,,ffi:"::"fi ,:ffi fitff;H'i#i,ffi i"ffiftii same o H"':i" ;:iiu" ;""*"o': | ", ::: ::::'::'" ;;iilents sharl be de emed 2' For th" p"po'es of paragraph 1' (L)' wo or mo to be unde, .o## l"itlr-" " ^.r^r-,ti.hments are owned by a common individual or
(a) (i) where the newspaper establishments are rndividuals; , r:^L..anrc are owned by firms, if such firms have
(ii) where the newspaper establishments are ,;-,:**riin8ffifi :{il}*fi*i+H;{ff,itllfr;ffibodY corPorate ts a subiidiaries of a common holding t"*Ti'J";'ol g'o"p of 1 eouity shares are owned by the same p #H:G;1Jo',131^u.t is owned by a bodv corporate.ilo,,lli,""tffi?
(iv)I*ffi T,".;'"{1ff H-*i.'r,Ifi ,u:*:U:f ?i3;lX;'f.o,po'u'|"' h;td ; sub s ta n tiar :"ilT::, 1ll7#; l" o,n" :,1: : l'"X11""1 3I :ii1il ,", ilhr-***i:*rr: ;'.'.,i,r#fll+;g*:U'* [1Tt* ;] * :lil:';:'::':,H;i o"r' [""o "'' y 1"'T:,I"'r" ::"i.1,^"0 new spa P er (bl*r.'",].,.,n.",",,^.i'.."^''integralitybetweenconce
1. Ins. bY Act 31 of 1989, sec' 4 ('ar'r'e 'f' 70-72-1955)