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Section 22: Presumption of culpable mental state.

The Health Security Se National Security Cess Act, 2025Central Act · Act 35 of 2025

In any prosecution for an offence under this Actwhich requires a culpable mental state on the part of the accused, the Court shall presume the existence of such mental state but it shall be a defence for the accused to prove the fact that he had no such mental state with respect to the act charged as an offence in that prosecution.

Explanation.--- For the purposes of this section,---

(a) the expression "culpable mental state" includes intention, motive, knowledge of a fact, and belief in, or reason to believe, a fact;

(b) a fact is said to be proved only when the court believes it to exist beyond reasonable doubt and not merely when its existence is established by a preponderance of probability.

Where this provision sits

ActThe Health Security Se National Security Cess Act, 2025
Section22
Marginal notePresumption of culpable mental state.
JurisdictionCentral
StatusIn force as published by the source

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