In exercise of the powers conferred… Bare Act

The source publishes this enactment as a single document rather than provision by provision, so the whole text is below and there are no per-section pages for it. Nothing has been shortened.

Type	Regulations
Year	2008
Jurisdiction	State of Rajasthan
Status	In force as published by the source
Text	Published as one document, as the source published it
Subjects	health

Hkkx 4 ¼x½ mi&[k.M ¼I½ jkT; ljdkj rFkk vU; jkT;&izkf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk tkjh fd;s x;s ¼lkekU; vkns'kksa] mi& fof/k;k¡ vkfn dks lfEefyr djrs gq,½ lkekU; dkuwuh fu;eA MEDICAL & HEALTH DEPARTMENT NOTIFICATION Jaipur, February 16, 2023 G.S.R. 78 :- In exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section(3) of section 42 of the Rajasthan Para-medical Council Act, 2008 (Act No. 25 of 2008), the Rajasthan Para-Medical Council, with the approval of the State Government hereby makes the following regulations further to amend the Rajasthan Para-medical Council Regulations, 2014 and 2015, namely:-

1. Short title and commencement.- (1) These regulations may be called the Rajasthan Para-medical Council (Amendment) Regulations, 2023.

(2) They shall come into force with immediate effect.

2. Substitution of regulation 41.- The existing regulation 41 of the Rajasthan Para- Medical Council Regulation, 2014 and 2015, hereinafter referred to as the said regulations, shall be substituted by the following, namely:- "41. Courses and Syllabus.- (1) The Council may allow the recognized institutions, Universities to conduct the courses specified in tables given below. The Council may include more courses with the prior permission of the State Government. TABLE A S. No. Name of Course Duration Eligibility

1. Diploma in Medical Laboratory Technology 2 Years 10 + 2 (Science subject)

2. Diploma in Radiation Technology 2 Years 10 + 2 (Science subject)

3. Diploma in Cardio Instrument Technician 2 years 10 + 2 (Science subject)

4. Diploma in Operation Theater Technology 2 Years 10 + 2 (Science subject)

5. Diploma in Dialysis Technology 2 Years 10 + 2 (Science subject)

6. Diploma in Orthopedic Technology 2 Years 10 + 2 (Science subject)

7. Diploma in ECG Technology 2 Years 10 + 2 (Science subject)

8. Diploma in Blood Bank 2 Years 10 + 2 (Science subject) Technology

9. Diploma in Endoscopy Technology 2 Years 10 + 2 (Science subject)

10. Diploma in EEG Technology 2 Years 10 + 2 (Science subject)

11. Diploma in Cath Lab Technology 2 Years 10 + 2 (Science subject)

12. Diploma in Emergency and Trauma Care Technology 2 Years 10 + 2 (Science subject)

13. Diploma in Ophthalmic Technology 2 Years 10 + 2 (Science subject)

14. Diploma in Perfusion Technology 2 Years 10 + 2 (Science subject) TABLE B S. No. Name of Course Duration Eligibility

1. Bachelor in Medical Laboratory Technology 3 Years + 1 Year Internship 10 + 2 (Science subject)

2. Bachelor in Radiation Technology 3 Years + 1 Year Internship 10 + 2 (Science subject)

3. Bachelor in Operation Theater Technology 3 Years + 1 Year Internship 10 + 2 (Science subject)

4. Bachelor in Orthopaedic Technology 3 Years + 1 Year Internship 10 + 2 (Science subject)

5. Bachelor in ECG Technology 2 3 Years + 1 Year Internship 10 + 2 (Science subject)

6. Bachelor in Transfusion Medicine Technology 3 Years + 1 Year Internship 10 + 2 (Science subject)

7. Bachelor in Endoscopy Technology 3 Years + 1 Year Internship 10 + 2 (Science subject)

8. Bachelor in EEG Technology 3 Years + 1 Year Internship 10 + 2 (Science subject)

9. Bachelor in Cath Lab Technology 3 Years + 1 Year Internship 10 + 2 (Science subject)

10. Bachelor in Emergency and Trauma Care Technology 3 Years + 1 Year Internship 10 + 2 (Science subject)

11. Bachelor in Ophthalmic Technology 3 Years + 1 Year Internship 10 + 2 (Science subject)

12. Bachelor in Dialysis Technology 3 Years + 1 Year Internship 10 + 2 (Science subject)

13. Bachelor in Cardiac Perfusion Technology 3 Years + 1 Year Internship 10 + 2 (Science Subject)

14. B.Sc in Intensive Care Technology 3 Years + 1 Year Internship 10 + 2 (Science Subject)

15. B.Sc in Radiotherapy 3 Years + 1 Year Internship 10 + 2 (Science Subject) [Type text] [Type text] [Type text]

(2) The syllabus for the Diploma Courses mentioned in sub-regulation (1) above, shall be as specified in Schedule-1 to Schedule-14.

(3) The Council may, at any time, amend or modify syllabus of any course. Such amended or modified syllabus shall be effective from the next session of the course. "

Provided that only such Universities, who have their own Medical College(s), shall be eligible to conduct Degree course(s) mentioned in TABLE B.

Provided that such Universities, who are operating Medical College(s) and are interested in conducting Degree Course(s) mentioned in TABLE B, shall have to adopt the relevant Degree syllabusas prescribed by Rajasthan University of Health Sciences (RUHS) for the course(s)which they are interested in conductingin their respective University.

Provided further that for such courses for which Rajasthan University of Health Sciences (RUHS) has not prescribed a syllabus, The concerned University shall prepare the syllabus at their own level and get it ratified by their Board of Management after which, such Universities shall then seek consent from Rajasthan University of Health Sciences (RUHS) to conduct such course(s)fortheir students. Rajasthan University of Health Sciences (RUHS) shall ensure uniformity in the syllabus(s) prepared by these University(s). After receiving the consent by Rajasthan University of Health Sciences (RUHS), such Universities shall apply to Rajasthan Para-Medical Council for affiliation of such course(s) after which they may be able to conduct the concerned degree course(s)for their students.

3. Substitution of regulation 42.- The existing regulation 42 of the Rajasthan Para- Medical Council Regulation, 2014, hereinafter referred to as the said regulations, shall be substituted by the following, namely:- “42. Eligibility for registration.- The following persons who has domicile of Rajasthan shall be eligible for registration,-

(i) who has obtained diploma and degree of a Para-medical course from any Government body or private body permitted by the Government for the purpose who has run the course and awarded diploma and degree before the commencement of these regulations;

(ii) who has passed the Para-medical course from any institution recognized by the Rajasthan Para-medical Council;

(iii) who has passed the Para-medical course from any institution/ Government body, outside the territories of Rajasthan, recognized for the purpose by the concerned State Government or Central Government Medical Department, and if Registered with respective State/Union Territories paramedical council applied with Cancelation Certificate of respective State Council registration and NOC of the council;

(iv) who has passed the Para-medical course from any institution, outside the territories of India, recognized for the purpose by the Government of the country concerned and verified by Government of India;

Provided that such person(s), who has/have acquired Paramedical Diploma through distance education mode prior to year 2015 shall be given an option to appear for an examination to be conducted by the Council if they so desire. Such person(s), who, opts/opt to appear for the examination, which shall be conducted by the Council, pass the aforesaid examination, they would be deemed to have qualified as per the regulations and they shall be deemed eligible for registration with Rajasthan Paramedical Council (RPMC).

Provided further that the aforesaid option shall only be provided once and it shall not be treated as a precedent

Provided also that such person(s), who will/have acquired Paramedical Degree and Diploma prior to June 2023 from such University established by an Act of the Government of Rajasthan and obtain recognition from Rajasthan Paramedical Council within 6 months from the date of publication of these Regulations shall be given an option to appear for an examination to be conducted by the Council if they so desire. Such person(s), who, opts/opt to appear for the examination, which shall be conducted by the Council, pass the aforesaid examination, they would be deemed to have qualified as per the regulations and they shall be deemed eligible for registration with Rajasthan Paramedical Council (RPMC):

Provided also that the aforesaid option shall only be provided once and it shall not be treated as a precedent."

4. Substitution of regulation 51.-The existing regulation 51 of the Rajasthan Para- Medical Council Regulations, 2014 as amended by Rajasthan Para- Medical Council Regulations, 2015, hereinafter referred to as the said regulations, shall be substituted by the following, namely: "51. Eligibility criteria for admission.- (1) The minimum qualification for admission to the Para-medical Diploma Courses shall be 10+2 class pass with Science subjects (Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and Mathematics,) with minimum 45 percent marks in aggregate. Minimum aggregate marks for the Candidates belonging to Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Backward Class or Special Backward Class shall be 40 percent.

(2) The minimum age for admission shall be 17 years on or before 31st December of the year in which admission is sought."

5. Substitution of regulation 52.- The existing regulation 52 of the Rajasthan Para- Medical Council Regulation, 2014 as amended by Rajasthan Para- Medical Council Regulation, 2015 , hereinafter referred to as the said regulations, shall be substituted by the following, namely:- “52. Procedure for recognition.- (1) Every Para-medical institution seeking recognition must be an organization under Central Government/State Government/local body or Society registered under the relevant law or Trust or Company incorporated under the Companies Act.

(2) The Council shall invite online applicationsyearly,for recognition, on the basis of demand-supply and shall consider them for recognition in the manner provided in these regulations.The application for recognition shall be made to the Registrar in Form-4 and shall be accompanied by such fees as specified in Schedule-15.

(3) On receipt of an application in Form-4, application shall be scrutinized by the Council and if found complete, the Council shall organize inspection of the institute.

(4) A panel of Inspectors shall be prepared by the Council who shall inspect the institutions. A member of the Council shall not be eligible to be included in the panel of Inspectors.

(5) The Registrar shall appoint two inspectors for the inspection, from the panel of Inspectors, at random. The Inspectors, so appointed, shall submit inspection report to the Registrar in Form-5 separately within 15 days of the appointment. If any Inspector [Type text] [Type text] [Type text] fails to submit his inspection report within time specified above, the Registrar may appoint another Inspector.

(6) If Registrar is not satisfied with the inspection report or the institution has any disagreement with the inspection report, the Registrar may appoint third Inspector and such Inspector shall submit his inspection report within 15 days of his appointment. The Registrar may also inspect himself. The inspection report of Registrar or third Inspector shall be final. If third inspection is done on the request of the institution, the institution will have to pay fees specified in Schedule- 16.

(7) The Council after considering inspection report/reports, may either issue letter of recognition or reject the application within 90 days from the last date fixed for receipt of the application under sub-regulation (2) above.

(8) Any institution who has continuously run any Para-medical course successfully for five years and fulfils all the standards fixed by the Council and if there is no complaint against that institution, permanent recognition may be granted by the Council to such institution on the payment of the fees decided by the Council.

6. Substitution of regulation 53.-The existing regulation 53 of the said regulations shall be substituted by the following, namely:- "53. Infrastructure in Institutions.-(1) For recognition of a Para-medical institution under these regulations, the institute must have the following infrastructure facilities, namely: - A. Physical Facility:

(i) Building - Institute shall have preferably its own building. Whereas to start institute with a rented building, permission may be granted for a period of maximum 5 years on submission of registered rent agreement. But for permanent recognition own building shall be essential. Standard minimum requirement for one course with 25 students shall be as under:- S.No Description Area

1. Principal Office (1) 200 sq. ft

2. Office Facilities 300 sq. ft

3. Number of Class Rooms

(2) 450 sq. ft each

4. Number of Labs (1) 450 sq. ft each

5. Library (1) 700 sq. ft

6. Common Facilities 450 sq. ft  Toilet for girls in minimum 50 sq. ft  Toilet for boys in minimum 50 sq. ft  Common room for girls in 300 sq. ft

7. Transportation Facilities Sufficient number of vehicles required as per sanctioned seats

8. Boys and Girls Hostel Desirable

9. Sports Facilities Desirable

(ii) Dedicated space of 4000 Sq. ft. area per Diploma course for 25 seats is essential.

(iii) If sanctioned seats are above 25 (up to 50),-

(a) Number of class room required will be two but the area of each class room should be minimum 600 Sq. feat.

(b) Number of Lab required will be one only but the area of Lab should be minimum 600 Sq. feat.

(iv) If sanctioned seats are above 50, the number of class rooms and Labs will increase proportionately. B. Library Facilitie:

(i) Two State level Hindi and one state level English newspaper and Journals related to course are essential.

(ii) Reference and text books in sufficient number in required. C. Teaching Faculty: S. No. Designatio n Qualification Full Time/Part time Visiting

1. Principal MD/MS/MBBS/ or MSC with 5 Year experience as faculty Full Time

2. Assistant Professor/ Lecturer MD/MS/MBBS or MSC with Para Medical subject or BSC in Para Medical Subject with 4 Year experience Full Time/Part time Visiting

3. Technicia n Qualified in the specialty Full Time NOTE:

(i) Students Teachers Ratio should be - 10:1

(ii) Principal and technicians will be counted in teaching faculty

(iii) Minimum required faculty for each course will be 03 D. Clinical Facility:

(i) The Institute should have own Hospital/ Lab.

(ii) The Hospital/Lab should have Pollution Control Board certificate, Clinical Establishment Act registration and other essential licenses required from various departments under prevalent Act, Rules and Regulations.

(iii) Required clinical facilities are as under:- Sr. no. Name of course Required Clinical Facilities

1. Diploma in Medical Laboratory Technology Applicants own lab with minimum :- 50 Pathological Examinations conducted per day 50 Biochemistry Examinations conducted per day 50 Microbiology Examinations conducted per day

2. Diploma in Radiation Technology Applicants own diagnostic centre in which minimum 50 X-Rays per day are conducted.

3. Diploma in Dental Mechanic Technology Applicants own centre where 50 patients are treated daily

4. Diploma in Dental Hygiene Technology Applicants own centre where 50 patients are treated daily

5. Diploma in Operation Theater Technology Applicants own minimum 50 Bed Hospital with facility of General Surgery.

6. Diploma in Dialysis Technology Applicants own minimum 50 Bed Hospital with Nafrology Department. [Type text] [Type text] [Type text]

7. Diploma in Orthopaedic Technology Applicants own minimum 50 Bed Hospital with Orthopadic Department

8. Diploma in ECG Technology Applicants own minimum 50 Bed Hospital with General Medicine Department

9. Diploma in Blood Bank Technology Applicants own Blood Bank

10. Diploma in Endoscopy Technology Applicants own minimum 50 Bed Hospital with Gastroenterology Department

11. Diploma in EEG Technology Applicants own minimum 50 Bed Hospital with Neurology Department

12. Diploma in Cath Lab Technology Applicants own minimum 50 Bed Hospital with Cardiology Department.

13. Diploma in Emergency and Trauma Care Technology Applicants own minimum 50 Bed Hospital with Trauma Department

14. Diploma in ophthalmic Technology Applicants own minimum 10 Bed Hospital with Eye Department

15. Diploma in Perfusion Technology Applicants own minimum 50 Bed Hospital with C.T. Surgery facility

(iv) Hospital/Lab should have modern machine and equipments.

(v)Distance of Institute from Hospital/Lab shall be,- maximum 25 Km. from city with population above 10 lakh, and maximum 10 Km. from city with population up to 10 Lakh. E. Equipments and Instruments: (1)Equipments and instruments required for various Diploma courses shall be as specified in Schedule-17 to Schedule-31.

(2) Infrastructure facilities should be made available at the time of inspection for physical verification.

Provided that for degree courses Bachelor in Medical Laboratory Technology, Bachelor in Radiation Technology and Bachelor in Opthalmic Technology mentioned in Table B of regulation 41(1), the University(s) who wish to conduct the aforesaid course(s) shall follow the infrastructure criteria laid down by the Rajasthan University of Health Sciences (RUHS) in order to be considered for recognition by Rajasthan Paramedical Council.

Provided further that for the rest of the degree course(s) mentioned in Table B of regulation 41(1), the University(s) who wish to conduct such course(s) shall lay down the infrastructure criteria after seeking consent from the Rajasthan University of Health Sciences (RUHS). Rajasthan University of Health Sciences (RUHS) shall be obliged to ensure uniformity in the infrastructure criteria to be laid down by such University(s) who wish to conduct the aforesaid degree course(s before according its consent.”

7. Substitution of regulation 55.- The existing regulation 55 of the Rajasthan Para- Medical Council Regulation, 2014 as amended by Rajasthan Para- Medical Council Regulation, 2015, hereinafter referred to as the said regulations, shall be substituted by the following, namely:- “55. Remuneration for inspection.- The Inspectors, invigilators and Examiners appointed for the purpose shall be paid actual travelling expenses up to the limit of Second AC plus Rs. 3000/- as honorarium as per earlier rules.”

8. Substitution of Schedule16.- The existing Schedule16 of the Rajasthan Para- Medical Council Regulation, 2014 as amended by Rajasthan Para- Medical Council Regulation, 2015, hereinafter referred to as the said regulations, shall be substituted by the following, namely:- “Schedule-15 Charges and Fees [See regulation 45,47,52 & 54] Various charge and fees:- Sr. No. Fees for Charges

1. Application fees for Recognition (Non refundable) (One time only) 10,000/-

2. Recognition Fees per course (Non refundable) for first year 50,000/-

3. Application fees for per course Inspection (Non refundable if requisite formalities are not found complied with the application) 35,000/-

4. Inspection by third Inspector or Registrar 25,000/-

4. Recognition Fee for subsequent year per course (Non refundable) 50,000/-

5. Registration fee for Trained Personnel 2,000/-

6. Registration fee on Reciprocal Basis

(i) For all the candidates registered with other State Councils. 3,000/-

(ii) For all the candidates qualified from other Countries. 10,000/-

7. Fee for Renewal after every five years of Registration 1,500/-

8. Tuition Fees (to be charged from students by the institution per year) 35,000/-

9. Enrolment fee per Candidate 500/-

10. EXAMINATION FEES per student (including marks sheet) 1,000/-

11. Revaluation fee per paper 500/-

12. Re-Totaling for one Subject 200/-

13. Re-Appearing of failure Candidates 250/-

14. For documents- [Type text] [Type text] [Type text]

(i) Fee for issue of Duplicate Mark Sheet 200/-

(ii) Issue of Duplicate Registration Certificate 500/-

(iii) Issue of Duplicate Diploma Certificates 500/-

(iv) Urgent Fees 1,000/-

15. Late fee for Examination 250/-

16. Late fee for Registration 1,000/-

17. Late fee for Renewal of Registration 500/- (Per Year)

9. Amendment of regulation 44.-In regulation 44 of the said regulations, for the existing expression "Schedule-16", the expression "Schedule-15" shall be substituted.

10. Amendment of regulation 45.-In sub-regulation (1) of regulation 45 of the said regulations, for the existing expression "Schedule-16", the expression "Schedule-15" shall be substituted.

11. Amendment of regulation 47.-In sub-regulation (1) of regulation 47 of the said regulations, for the existing expression "Schedule-16", the expression "Schedule-15" shall be substituted.

12. Amendment of regulation 53.-In sub-regulation (1) of regulation 47 of the said regulations, for the existing expression "Schedule-16", the expression "Schedule-15" shall be substituted.

13. Amendment of regulation 54.-In sub regulation (1) (E) of regulation 54 of the said regulations, for the existing expression “Schedule-17 to Schedule-31”, the expression “Schedule-16 to Schedule-30”shall be substituted.

14. Substitution of Schedule 1 to 31.- Existing schedule 1 to 31appended to the said regulations shall be substituted by the following, namely: - "Schedule-1 [See regulation 41(2)] Syllabus of Diploma in Medical Laboratory Technology FIRST YEAR Subject - 1. Communication skills in English.

2. Computer application.

3. Anatomy and Physiology.

4. Hematology and blood banking.

5. Clinical pathology.

6. Clinical practical training.

7. MLT Instruments Practice Lab – 1. Hospital: - Industrial training (4 Weeks) in summer vacation Theory Classes – Monday to Friday – 1hrs/day – Total 5hrs/week Rest of the time students do practical in their respective sections according to posting schedule Examination Pattern – Internal/ Sessional exam – Taken on completion of course CPT – 1 (ML16) – 200 Marks Practical – 200 marks, 3hrs, Practical exercises and related theory question Exercises are – Hb- gm% TLC/TRBC PBF – Preparation, staining DLC ESR Reticulocyte count H&E staining MGG Staining Specimen mounting Records – Prepared by students 200 marks are distributed among the given exercises. Practicals are taken according to the provided syllabus Time for CPT and MLT not specified for sessional examination MLT – 1(ML17) – 100 Marks  It is Viva on instruments from different section  Viva to be taken at 2 places in board examination Pattern - A – Histopathology & Cytology – 50 Marks B – Haematology& Blood Banking – 50 Marks Theory – Theory exam of 100 marks Practical – CPT – 1 (ML16) – 400 Marks (For 3hrs) Practical exercise and related theory questions Exercises are – Hb- gm% TLC/TRBC PBF – Preparation, staining DLC ESR Reticulocyte count H&E staining MGG Staining Specimen mounting Records – Prepared by students 400 marks are distributed among the given exercises. MLT – 1(ML17) – 50 Marks  It is Viva on instruments from different section  Viva to be taken at 2 places A – Histopathology & Cytology – 25 Marks B – Haematology& Blood Banking – 25 Marks Hospital Industrial Training  Duration – 4weeks in summer vacation  Marks are given out of 100 at the end of training Marks distribution is as follow OPD

(25) Blood Bank

(25) Record

(25) Viva

(25) Total

(100) Rating Excellent - >75% Good – 60-75% Average – 45-60% Poor - <45% Rating is grading – Done on % of total Marks obtained out of – 100 [Type text] [Type text] [Type text] SECOND YEAR Subject - 1. Entrepreneurship & Professional management.

2. Environmental Studies.

3. Microbiology including parasitology and immunology.

4. Pathology.

5. Biochemistry.

6. Clinical practical training - II.

7. MLT Instruments Practice Lab – II. Hospital/ Industrial training (4 Weeks) in summer vacation Theory Classes – Monday to Friday – 1hrs/day – Total 5hrs/week Rest of the time students do practical in their respective sections according to posting schedule Examination Pattern – Internal/ Sessional exam – Taken on completion of course CPT – II (ML26) – 200 Marks MLT – 100 (ML27) 34 – Pathology (it is viva on instrument same as taken for 1st year DMLT) 33- Microbiology 33 Biochemistry Exercises are – Histopathology- - Tissue processing block making, section cutting and routine H&E staining - Different types of special staining in histopathology - Preparation of fixatives - Preparation of stains for sections and smears - Paraffin embedding of tissues - Preparation of paraffin blocks - Honing of microtome razors - Microtomy – Preparation of sections - Frozen section techniques – Demonstration - Preparation and fixation of smears for cytology - Hematoxylin and cosin staining. - Papanicuolu’s staining - Some of the special stains - Mounting museum specimen - Records keeping Hematology- - Hb-gm% - TLC/TRBC - PBF – Preparation, staining - DLC - Urine examination - Bleeding and clotting time CPT - 200 66 – Pathology 67- Microbiology 67 Biochemistry - Interpretation of clot retraction - Prothrombin time, APTT and TT - Fibrinogen degradation product (FDP) - Substitution tests for factor identification - Records – Prepared by students Practical examination is taken according to provided syllabus. Time for examination for internal CPT and MLT not specified. Theory examination of Pathology taken by – 100 Marks Practical CPT – II (ML-26) – 400marks 134 Pathology (Only Practical) 133 Microbiology 133 Biochemistry MLT – II (ML27) – Same as sessional CPT – II (ML-27) – 50 marks 16 Pathology (Only Viva on instrument) 17 Microbiology 17 Biochemistry Hospital Industrial Training  Duration – 4 weeks in summer vacation  Marks are given out of 100 at the end of training OPD

(25) Blood Bank (25) Recor d (25) Viv a

(25) Total

(100) Rating Excellent - >75% Good – 60-75% Average – 45-60% Poor - <45%   Rating is grading – Done on % of total Marks obtained out of – 100 1st Year Syllabus Blood Banking :

(a) Introduction to blood banking, screening and selection of donor.

(b) Collection and storage of blood.

(d) Antibodies to ABO system, Anti ‘AB’ and Anti ‘H’ antibody.

(e) ABO Testing – slide & tube test. Reverse grouping, discrepancies between cells and serum results , sources of error, rouleux formation.

(f) RH Grouping – Slide or rapid tube test , false positive , false negative , Du system .

(g) Cross matching , reasons of cross match , saline albumin , coombs and enzymes in testing

(h) Coombs test- direct and indirect , principle , procedure , sources of errors , control , interpretation and clinical application.

(i) Organization of blood bank, preparation and uses of various components of blood.

(j) Transfusion reactions. [Type text] [Type text] [Type text] Haematology : - Introduction to clinical haematology. - Instruments and glassware’s used in haematology. - Preparation of various stains , buffers and solution used in haematology. - Methods of collection of blood and anticoagulants used in haematology. - Various methods of Hb estimation. - Preparation and staining of PBF. - RBC counting , WBC counting , Absolute eosinophill count. - Platelet and Reticulocyte counting. - Morphology of normal and abnormal forms of RBC’s . - Morphology of normal and abnormal forms of WBC’s. - DLC - ESR - PCV, Blood indices. - Osmotic fragility test. - Haemoglobin electrophoresis, estimation of foetal Hb. - G6PD estimation. - Sickling test. - LE cell test, Test for cold agglutination. - Bone marrow examination – Different sites and needle used - Automation in haematology- Basic principles. Clinical Pathology : - Introduction to clinical pathology & safety measures in lab. - Quality control – External and Internal. - Complete urine examination. - CSF examination. - Examination of other body fluids. - Semen analysis. - Norms of biomedical wastes and discarding of infected blood. 2ND YEAR SYLLABUS TOPICS:  General principles of histopathology works; collection of specimen, numbering and giving tissue bits.  Equipments used in histopathology, their merits, demerits and care to be taken  Fixatives used in histopathology – Preparation, advantages and disadvantages  Frozen section and cryostat technique staining and mounting, morbid anatomy  Decalcification – Methods, advantages and disadvantages of each method  Introduction of cytopathology, methods of collection of materials, making smears and preparations of fixatives used  Different stains used in cytology, their preparation and staining the smears  Exfoliative cytology of barr bodies (Six Chromatin) and pap staining  Histopathology techniques. Morbid anatomy tissue processing, fixation, dehydration, clearing and impregnation in paraffin.  Making of blocks and section cutting. Errors in section cutting and their correlation  H&E staining including staining technique for rapid diagnosis and different types of mountants used  Preparation of different type of hematoxylin and eosin  Preparation of different types of special stains and special staining techniques  immunohistochemical & immunocytochemical staining  Histochemical and cytochemical techniques  Normal coagulation cascade  Investigation of bleeding disorders  Bleeding time and clotting time – methods and interpretation  Clot retraction time  Prothrombin Time  APTT  Thrombin time  Fibrin degradation products  Preparation of specimen for mounting  Preparation of fixations for mounting  Techniques of mounting  Organization of medical laboratory and museum and their maintenance.  Equipments used in Histopathology  Instruments of stains used in hematology  Instrument used in cytology  Lab diagnosis of Jaundice  Lab diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus  Renal Function tests. Schedule-2 [See regulation 41(2)] Syllabus of Diploma in Radiation Technology S.No. Subject Distribution of time Distribution of Marks Hours Per Week Exam Th PR T Th PR Viva-voce Total RT-1 Radiological Anatomy,Physiology & Pathology 1 - 1 100 - - 100 RT-2 Radiological Physics 1 - 1 100 - - 100 RT-3 Radiography- I (GEN). 1 - 1 100 - - 100 RT-4 Dark Room Procedures 1 - 1 100 - - 100 RT-5 Clinical & Instrumental Skill lab- I - 32 32 75 25 100 RT- PRS Sessional Assessment (PRS) - - - 100 - - 100 Total 4 32 36 600 [Type text] [Type text] [Type text] For Diploma IInd Year Radiation Technology S.No . Subject Distributio n of time Distribution of Marks Hours Per Week Exam Th PR T Th PR Vivavoce Total RT-6 RADIOGRAPHY 2nd Special 1 - 1 100 - - 100 RT-7 Basic Principles of Radiotherapy,Radiation Hazards & Protection 1 - 1 100 - - 100 RT-8 Recent Advances 1 - 1 100 - - 100 RT-9 Patient Care & Hospital Management 1 - 1 100 - - 100 RT- 10 Clinical & Instrumental Practice lab II - 32 32 75 25 100 RT- PRS Sessional Assessment (PRS) - - - 100 - - 100 Total 4 32 36 600 RADIOLOGICAL ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY & PATHOLOGYRATIONALE The study of anatomy physiology and pathology is essential because it will help in understanding the basic structure of the organs, their functions and changes due to various diseases affecting the organs of the human body. CONTENTS Gross Radiological surface anatomy of human body. The Human Skeleton bones and joints, formation of bones, growth of skeleton, centers of Ossification, types of bones,type of joints, thoracic contents and general location of organs and vessels, abdominal viscera and location of the major organs, types of cells, composition and development,Cell function and tissue differentiation.

2. Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology of Body system-Genes reproductive organs ,embryological development..The nature and appearance of Bacteria.Common Benign Tumors,Malignant Tumors.Dissemination of Malignancy, Primary and Secondary spread.Composition and type of nerve tissue, muscular tissue and types.Abnormalities in tissues ,ulceration,Sepsis asepsis and anti sepsis.Heart and blood, vessels.structure of heart and function.Major vessels.of the circulatory system: blood circulation , purification.Common terms used for diseases and conditions of this system.

3. Respiratory system. and nasal passages and nasal sinuses, pharynx, Nature and function of respiration.common terms related to diseases and conditions of the system. Lymphatic system. lymphoid tissue and the tonsils.Reticulo endothelial system, liver and spleen.bone morrow.Life cycle of red and white corpuscles of the blood.Alimentary system.Functions of mouth and teeth.

4. Salivary gland,pharynx and oesophagus ,stomach, small intestine,.large intestine[colon], liver and biliary tract, and pancreas Functions of alimentary system digestion absorption of food, metabolism, urinary tract-Kidney Ureters and bladder urethra Urinary secretion.Reproductive system male genitalia, female genitalia, mammary glands. Menstruations, pregnancy and lactation. Nerve system and common terms used in this system Main subdivisions organs of sense.Structure and the functions of eye,ear,Surface landmarks and topography in relation to organs of the body for radiography positioning.Inflamation.Pyrexia.Ulcer.bacteria and the specific granulomatous.disorders.endocrine.nutrition and metabolism. Ref. Books:1.Foundation of Anatomy & physiology -Ross Wilson

2. Atlas of Radiological Anatomy - Weir & Abrahms RADIOLOGICAL PHYSICS RATIONALE Every electric current is accompanied by magentic effects & electro magnetism is the branch of physics that deals with the relationship between electricity & Magnetism. X-ray belongs to a group of radiation called electromagnetic radiation. It is the transport of energy through space as a combination of electric and magnetic field. Any accelerating charge not bound to an atom will emit electromagnetic radiation. CONTENTS Basic Electricity and magnetism and Radiation physics : Units of measurement force, work, energy .Heat and energy . Various method sof transmission of heat. Magnetism, classification of magnets. properties of magnets .magnetic field and line of forces and their measurement, Electro magnetism. Electricity, electrostatic conductor and insulators.elementary electron theory. Units of electric charges potential. Condensers and capacity of condensers. Current, Electricity, Om's Law,various units of current ,Voltage and rectifiers.Heating effect of current, units of point and power consumption,Principal and working of moving coil and moving iron type of meters. Electro Magnetic induction ,Transformers,.their losses,.rating ,induction motors. Direct and Alternating currents, impedance, capacitance, Thermionic emission, Characteristic curves of diode and triode valves, semiconductors. Knowledge of Cathode , anode ,rectifier.solid state rectifier ,self rectified circuits imbalance of single valve rectifications .half wave and full wave rectifications ,transformer and HT cables ,HT cable calibration and measurement units of HT.Measurement of out put of x-ray Tube. Apparatus for Radiography,radiotherapy and imaging & its routine maintenance. Mains supply,basic x-ray circuit control,and stabilising,Equipment motors,various exposure timers control of scattered radiations fluoroscopy tomography.mobile equipment.photofluorography.mammographic equipment. REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Radiation physics Satish Bharghav

2. The Fundamentals of x-ray and Radiation Josaph Selman

3. RADIOLOGICAL BOOK FOR TECHNOLOGISTS Bushong & sievert RADIOGRAPHY – I (Gen.) RATIONALE Radiography is a branch of photography in which an image is formed on a film or plate by exposure to X-ray. An opaque object- e.g. Part of human body or a metal casting is placed between the source of the X-rays and the sensitized material; the resulting radiograph shows details of the internal structure which is widely used in medical field for diagnostic purposes. [Type text] [Type text] [Type text] CONTENTS Routine Radiographic Techniques for whole body. (Different views of routine with special views of radiography Skull & Neck: Different views of skull bones. Maxilla, mandible, zygoma, T.M. Joints. Open mouth & close mouth, mastoid, Petrous bones, optic foramen, sella turcica, internal auditory canal, sphenoid bone, soft tissue neck, nasopharynx, larynx. Upper Limbs: Fingers individual and as a whole, hand carpal tunnel syndrome, wrist, forearm, elbow, head of radius humerus shoulder joints, acromio clavicular joint, sternoclavicular joint and scapula. Chest and Thorax Bones :Chest PA (Tele radiography), Chest Supine, Lordotic, Oblique Lateral, sternum oblique, lateral and thoracic inlet view & decubitus. Abdomen :Preparation indication and contra indication, acute abdomen, different position of abdomen-upright (standing) sitting, lying, decubitus, supine, and in prone position. Vertebral Column :Atlanto occipital, odontoid, cervical spine, cervico thoracic spine, dorsal spine, thoraco lumbar spine, lumbo sacral spine, sacrum, coccyx, scoliosis, kyphosis, flexion, extension and both oblique views of spines. Hips and Pelvis :Pelvis with Hip joints in different positions. Internal and external rotation, frog positions. S.I. joints. Cephalic tilt and caudal tilt. Lower Limbs :Toes, feet, calcaneum, ankle joints, leg bones. Different view of knee. Patella inter condylar notch and femurs. Others:Dental radiography, macro and micro radiography, mobile and portable for bed side radiography operation theatre radiography, cine radiography, localization of foreign body, battery operated units , mass miniature radiography and all other emergency radiography. REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. WHO – Manual of radiographic Technique.

2. Radiographic for Technicians

3. Pocket Atlas of Dental Radiology.

4. Clark’s positioning in radiography  DARK ROOM PROCEDURES RATIONALE Radiography unquestionable begins and ends in the dark room.Where the necessary handling and processing of X-ray film can be carried out safely and efficiently, without the hazard of producing film fog by accidental esposure to light or X-ray. CONTENTS Dark Room Procedures :Photographic Process-Light image.image produced by radiation.light sensitive materials,latent image. Film Material :The structure of X-ray films.resolving power-graininess of film.sensitivity of film.speed of film.contrast of film and types of film. Sensitivity :Characteristic curve and its usefulness. X - Ray Film Storage :Storage of unexposed films. Screens : Construction of intensifying screens. Choice of fluorescent material.intensifying factor detail Sharpness,Speed,screen contact,care of intensifying screens and type of screens. Cassettes :Cassettes design and care of cassettes.Mounting of intensifying screens in the cassettes. Film Processing :Consitutions of the processing solution and replenisher.Factors affecting the developer type of developer and fixer.factors affecting the use of the fixer,silver recovery method. Film Rinsing Washing and Drying :Intermediate rinse. washing and drying of films. Film processing Equipment :Manual and automatic processing. Dark Room Design :Layout and material used The radiographic image :The sharpness, contrast detail definition.viewing conditions. Administration :Trimming, identification of film legends,relevant papers of the patients.records filling,Report distribution. Dark Room Process :Light proof with colour.ventilation and temperature.maintenance.Technical and processing film faults. Fog static pressure and static currents. Artefacts of different types.Darkroom illuminations, orientation of laser cameras. REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. WHO-Manual of darkroom Technique.

2. Radiographic physics and darkroom procedure.- Gupta.

3. Radiographic Photography. –CHESNEY D.H. & CHESNEY M.O. CLINICAL & INSTRUMENTAL SKILL LAB. TRAINING-1 RATIONALE It is very important for a X-ray trainee to have practical knowledge of various laboratory tests.The student will be able to interpret correctly the test results and correct diagnosis of a disease. Practicals & training related to theory papers-Radiological Anatomy, Physiology& Pathology, Radiological Physics,Radiography –I (GEN.)Dark Room Procedures.

Note : The Essential Theory should be taught during the Practicals. REFERENCE BOOKS :

1. WHO- A Guide to X-ray Department For Diploma II nd Year Radiation Technology S.No . Subject Distribution of time Distribution of Marks Hours Per Week Exam Th PR T Th PR Viva- Voce Sessional Assesment (PRS) Total RT-6 RADIOGRAPHY 2nd Special 1 - 1 100 - - - 100 RT-7 Basic Principles of Radiotherapy, Radiation Hazards & Protection 1 - 1 100 - - - 100 RT-8 Recent Advances 1 - 1 100 - - - 100 RT-9 Patient Care & Hospital Management 1 - 1 100 - - - 100 RT-10 Clinical & Instrumental Practice lab II - 32 32 60 25 15 100 Total 4 32 36 500 [Type text] [Type text] [Type text] RADIOGRAPHY 2nd (Special) RATIONALE Radiography is branch of photography in which an image is formed on a film or plate by exposure to X-ray, an opaque object-e.g. Part of human body or a metal casting is placed between the source of the X-rays and the sensitized material; the resulting radiography shows details of the internal structure which are widely used in medical field for diagnosis. CONTENTS

1. Special Radiographic Techniques & Applications & uses of contrast mediaCarotid Angiography, Investigation related to the blood Supply of the brain. Ventriculography – Position and techniques Pneumo-Encephalography trolley equipment, preparation of the patient and after care. Angiography:- four vessel, Selective cath lab procedure Gastro intestinal tract:- Ba. Swallow, Ba. Meal, Ba, Meal follow through, Ba. Enema. Biliary Tract: Oral Cholecystography, IVC, trans hepatic percutaneous cholangiography, preoperative cholangiography, T-tube cholangiography and ERCP. Myelography:-Vertebral Angiography, preparation of patient, contrast media equipment and techniques of procedure. Urinary Tract – KUB, IVU ,Retro grade, cystourethrogram; micturating urethrography. Hystero-Salpingography:- Investigation of uterus and fallopian tubes. Tomography – Principle, equipment with type of movement, procedures. Theatre technique – Sterile technique in OT, Cleanliness of mobile unit or C- arm. Others – Dacrocystography, sialography, sinography; angiography (Cerebral and venography) Bronchography, arteriography, mammography, Spleenoportovenography, Lymphangiography, xerography and all other special investigations. Ref. Books:- 1. Clark’s positioning of Radiography BASIC PRINCIPLES OF RADIOTHERAPY, RADIATION HAZARDS & PROTECTION RATIONALE X-ray may cause harm. Many somatic dangers of radiation became evident a few months after X-rays were discovered. Small doses of radiation can cause both mutations & neoplasm. No one knows just how much radiation is tolerable. Protection must be provided against any type of radiation to general public as well as radiation workers. The greatest risk from X-rays is for the operator and doctor, who may be exposed repeatedly over the years while they are working. CONTENTS General principle of radiotherapy, therapeutic ratio, cell cycle, Factors influencing radiation effects on normal tumour cells, Radiotherapy management of various malignancies treatment and side effects of radiations. Knowledge of Linear accelerators, brachytherapy & Teletherpy Machine & their Applications ,Radioactive isotopes & their applications Fundamentals of computers & its application in Radiodiagnosis & Radiotherapy Radiation hazards and its protection for occupational workers and general public, Planning of department of radiology, Radiotherpy.Structure of Atom, Radio Activity natural and artificial production. Interaction of radiation with matter, quantity and quality of radiation and the factors on which it depends. H.V.T. T.V.T Various radiation units – Roentgen, rad, rem, etc, Dosimetry, various radiation measuring instruments, ICRP recommendations, measurement of X-ray and other radiation, rules of AERB , effects of radiation, radiation hazards, , film badge. REFERENCE BOOKS:

1.Radiation Physics Satish Bharghav

2.The Fundamentals of X-ray and Radiation Josaphy Selman

3. A book of radiological Technologists Bushong & sivert RECENT ADVANCES RATIONALE Every electric current is accompaniend by magnetic effects & electromagnetism is the branch of physics that deals with the relationship between electricity & Magnetism.X- ray belongs to a group of radiations called electromagnetic radiation.If the transport of energy through space as a combination of electric and magnetic field.Any accelerating charge not bound to an atom will emit electromagnetic radiation. CONTENTS

1. Recent Advances in Imaging radiology Image intensifiers Rapid serial changers pressure syringe x-ray tube and complete knowledge of x-ray units along with all accessories. mobile and portable x-ray units. Recent advance in imaging technology: - Knowledge of Ultra sonograhy, Color Doppler, different types of transducers.

(ii) CT Scan, conventional, spiral (Helical), Multi slice.

(ii) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

(iii) Spectroscopy (MRS)

(iv) Computerized radiography

(v) Digital Radiography

(vi) DSA

(vii) Picture Archiving communication system (PACS)

(viii) Mammography

(ix) Orthopantography

(x) Positron emission Tomography (PET)

(xi) Different type of cameras e.g. laser, photography etc.

2. REFERENCE BOOK:

1. Radiation PhysicsSatish Bharghav

2. The Fundamentals of X-ray and Radiation Josah Selman

3. Diagnostic Ultrasound Rumack

4. Computed Tomography & Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Whole Body Haaga

1. WHO – A Guide to X-Ray Department

2. WHO – Manual of Radiographic Technique.

3. Radiographic for Technicians.

4. Hand Bok on entrepreneurship Development O.P. harkut.

5. Environmental Impact Assessment Mc Graw Hill,  New Yark, 1977 CLINICAL & INSTRUMENTAL SKILL LAB TRAINING– II RATIONALE It is very important for an X-ray trainee to have practical knowledge of various laboratory tests. The student will be able to interpret correctly the test results and correct diagnosis of a disease. PRACTICALS Practical & training related to theory papers – Radiography –II (Special). Radiotherapy Radiation Hazards & Protection, Physics of Recent Advances, Patient care & Hospital Management. Since the trainee has to work on various medical instruments & equipments, he must have the basic knowledge and practical training about the different machines so that in case of any trouble during work. He/She will be able to correct and repair the faults. PRACTICALS: - Introduction to equipments - Simple usage - Indication & Contraindication use - Repair & Maintenance of Instruments.

Note : The Essential Theory should be taught during the Practicals. REFERENCE BOOKS: WHO – A Guide to X-Ray Department. Diploma in Radiation Technology For Diploma Ist Year Radiation Technology S.No. Subject Distribution of time Distribution of Marks Hours Per Week Exam Th PR T Th PR Vivavoce Total RT-1 Radiological Anatomy ,Physiology & Pathology 1 - 1 100 - - 100 RT-2 Radiological Physics 1 - 1 100 - - 100 RT-3 Radiography- I (GEN). 1 - 1 100 - - 100 RT-4 Dark Room Procedures 1 - 1 100 - - 100 RT-5 Clinical & Instrumental Skill lab- I - 32 32 75 25 100 RT- PRS Sessional Assessment (PRS) - - - 100 - - 100 Total 4 32 36 600 For Diploma IInd Year Radiation Technology S.N o. Subject Distribution of time Distribution of Marks Hours Per Week Exam Th PR T Th PR Viva - voce Total RT-6 RADIOGRAPHY 2nd Special 1 - 1 100 - - 100 RT-7 Basic Principles of Radiotherapy,Radiation Hazards & Protection 1 - 1 100 - - 100 RT-8 Recent Advances 1 - 1 100 - - 100 RT-9 Patient Care & Hospital Management 1 - 1 100 - - 100 RT- 10 Clinical & Instrumental Practice lab II - 32 32 75 25 100 RT- PRS Sessional Assessment (PRS) - - - 100 - - 100 Total 4 32 36 600 RADIOLOGICAL ANATOMY,PHYSIOLOGY& PATHOLOGYRATIONALE The study of anatomy physiology and pathology is essential because it will help in understanding the basic structure of the organs, their functions and changes due to various diseases affecting the organs of the human body. [Type text] [Type text] [Type text] CONTENTS Gross Radiological surface anatomy of human body. The Human Skeleton bones and joints, formation of bones, growth of skeleton, centers of Ossification, types of bones,type of joints, thoracic contents and general location of organs and vessels, abdominal viscera and location of the major organs, types of cells, composition and development,Cell function and tissue differentiation.

2. Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology of Body system-Genes reproductive organs ,embryological development. The nature and appearance of Bacteria.Common Benign Tumors,Malignant Tumors.Dissemination of Malignancy, Primary and Secondary spread.Composition and type of nerve tissue, muscular tissue and types.Abnormalities in tissues ,ulceration,Sepsis asepsis and anti sepsis.Heart and blood, vessels.structure of heart and function.Major vessels.of the circulatory system: blood circulation , purification.Common terms used for diseases and conditions of this system.

2. Atlas of Radiological Anatomy- Weir & Abrahms RADIOLOGICAL PHYSICS RATIONALE Every electric current is accompanied by magentic effects & electro magnetism is the branch of physics that deals with the relationship between electricity & Magnetism. X-ray belongs to a group of radiation called electromagnetic radiation. It is the transport of energy through space as a combination of electric and magnetic field. Any accelerating charge not bound to an atom will emit electromagnetic radiation. CONTENTS Basic Electricity and magnetism and Radiation physics : Units of measurement force, work, energy .Heat and energy . Various method sof transmission of heat. Magnetism, classification of magnets. properties of magnets .magnetic field and line of forces and their measurement, Electro magnetism. Electricity, electrostatic conductor and insulators.elementary electron theory. Units of electric charges potential. Condensers and capacity of condensers. Current, Electricity, Om's Law,various units of current ,Voltage and rectifiers.Heating effect of current, units of point and power consumption,Principal and working of moving coil and moving iron type of meters. Electro Magnetic induction ,Transformers,.their losses,.rating ,induction motors. Direct and Alternating currents, impedance, capacitance, Thermoionic emission , Characteristic curves of diode and triode valves, semiconductors. Knowledge of Cathode , anode ,rectifier.solid state rectifier ,self rectified circuits imbalance of single valve rectifications .half wave and full wave rectifications ,transformer and HT cables ,HT cable calibration and measurement units of HT.Measurement of out put of x-ray Tube. Apparatus for Radiography,radiotherapy and imaging & its routine maintenance. Mains supply,basic x-ray circuit control,and stablising,Equipment motors,various exposure timers control of scattered radiations fluoroscopy tomography.mobile equipment.photofluorography.mammographic equipment. REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Radiation physics Satish Bharghav

2. The Fundamentals of x-ray and Radiation Josaph Selman

3. RADIOLOGICAL BOOK FOR TECHNOLOGISTSBushong & sievert RADIOGRAPHY – I (Gen.) RATIONALE Radiography is a branch of photography in which an image is formed on a film or plate by exposure to X-ray. An opaque object- e.g. Part of human body or a metal casting is placed between the source of the X-rays and the sensitized material; the resulting radiograph shows details of the internal structure which is widely used in medical field for diagnostic purposes. CONTENTS Routine Radiographic Techniques for whole body. (Different views of routine with special views of radiography Skull & Neck: Different views of skull bones. Maxilla, mandible, zygoma, T.M. Joints. Open mouth & close mouth, mastoid, Petrous bones, optic foramen, sella turcica, internal auditory canal, sphenoid bone, soft tissue neck, nasopharynx, larynx. Upper Limbs: Fingers individual and as a whole, hand carpal tunnel syndrome, wrist, forearm, elbow, head of radius humerus shoulder joints, acromio clavicular joint, sternoclavicular joint and scapula. Chest and Thorax Bones :Chest PA (Tele radiography), Chest Supine, Lordotic, Oblique Lateral, sternum oblique, lateral and thoracic inlet view & decubitus. Abdomen :Preparation indication and contra indication, acute abdomen, different position of abdomen-upright (standing) sitting, lying, decubitus, supine, and in prone position. Vertebral Column :Atlanto occipital, odontoid, cervical spine, cervico thoracic spine, dorsal spine, thoraco lumbar spine, lumbo sacral spine, sacrum, coccyx, scoliosis, kyphosis, flexion, extension and both oblique views of spines. Hips and Pelvis :Pelvis with Hip joints in different positions. Internal and external rotation, frog positions. S.I. joints. Cephalic tilt and caudal tilt. Lower Limbs :Toes, feet, calcaneum, ankle joints, leg bones. Different view of knee. Patella inter condylar notch and femurs. Others:Dental radiography, macro and micro radiography, mobile and portable for bed side radiography operation theatre radiography, cine radiography, localization of foreign body, battery operated units , mass miniature radiography and all other emergency radiography. REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. WHO – Manual of radiographic Technique.

2. Radiographic for Technicians

3. Pocket Atlas of Dental Radiology. [Type text] [Type text] [Type text]

4. Clark’s positioning in radiography DARK ROOM PROCEDURES RATIONALE Radiography unquestionable begins and ends in the dark room.Where the necessary handling and processing of X-ray film can be carried out safely and efficiently, without the hazard of producing film fog by accidental esposure to light or X-ray. CONTENTS Dark Room Procedures :Photographic Process-Light image.image produced by radiation.light sensitive materials,latent image. Film Material :The structure of X-ray films.resolving power-graininess of film.sensitivity of film.speed of film.contrast of film and types of film. Sensitivity :Characteristic curve and its usefulness. X - Ray Film Storage :Storage of unexposed films. Screens : Construction of intensifying screens. Choice of fluorescent material.intensifying factor detail Sharpness,Speed,screen contact,care of intensifying screens and type of screens. Cassettes :Cassettes design and care of cassettes.Mounting of intensifying screens in the cassettes. Film Processing :Consitutions of the processing solution and replenisher.Factors affecting the developer type of developer and fixer.factors affecting the use of the fixer,silver recovery method. Film Rinsing Washing and Drying :Intermediate rinse. washing and drying of films. Film processing Equipment :Manual and automatic processing. Dark Room Design :Layout and material used The radiographic image :The sharpness, contrast detail definition.viewing conditions. Administration:Trimming, identification of film legends,relevant papers of the patients.records filling,Report distribution. Dark Room Process :Light proof with colour.ventilation and temperature.maintenance.Technical and processing film faults. Fog static pressure and static currents. Artefacts of different types.Darkroom illuminations, orientation of laser cameras. REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. WHO-Manual of darkroom Technique.

2. Radiographic physics and darkroom procedure.- Gupta.

Note : The Essential Theory should be taught during the Practicals. REFERENCE BOOKS :

2. WHO- A Guide to X-ray Department For Diploma II nd Year Radiation Technology S.N o. Subject Distribution of time Distribution of Marks Hours Per Week Exam Th PR T Th PR Viva- Voce Sessional Assessment (PRS) Total RT-6 RADIOGRAPHY 2nd Special 1 - 1 100 - - - 100 RT-7 Basic Principles of Radiotherapy, Radiation Hazards & Protection 1 - 1 100 - - - 100 RT-8 Recent Advances 1 - 1 100 - - - 100 RT-9 Patient Care & Hospital Management 1 - 1 100 - - - 100 RT-10 Clinical & Instrumental Practice lab II - 32 32 60 25 15 100 Total 4 32 36 500 RADIOGRAPHY 2nd (Special) RATIONALE Radiography is branch of photography in which an image is formed on a film or plate by exposure to X-ray, an opaque object-e.g. Part of human body or a metal casting is placed between the source of the X-rays and the sensitized material; the resulting radiography shows details of the internal structure which are widely used in medical field for diagnosis. CONTENTS

1. Special Radiographic Techniques & Applications & uses of contrast media Carotid Angiography, Investigation related to the blood Supply of the brain. Ventriculography – Position and techniques Pneumo-Encephalography trolley equipment, preparation of the patient and after care. Angiography:- four vessel, Selective cath lab procedure Gastro intestinal tract:- Ba. Swallow, Ba. Meal, Ba, Meal follow through, Ba. Enema. Biliary Tract: Oral Cholecystography, IVC, trans hepatic percutaneous cholangiography, preoperative cholangiography, T-tube cholangiography and ERCP. Myelography:-Vertebral Angiography, preparation of patient, contrast media equipment and techniques of procedure. Urinary Tract – KUB, IVU ,Retro grade, cystourethrogram; micturating urethrography. Hystero-Salpingography:- Investigation of uterus and fallopian tubes. Tomography – Principle, equipment with type of movement, procedures. Theatre technique – Sterile technique in OT, Cleanliness of mobile unit or C- arm. Others – Dacrocystography, sialography, sinography; angiography (Cerebral and venography) Bronchography, arteriography, mammography, Spleenoportovenography, Lymphangiography, xerography and all other special investigations. Ref. Books:- 1. Clark’s positioning of Radiography [Type text] [Type text] [Type text] BASIC PRINCIPLES OF RADIOTHERAPY, RADIATION HAZARDS & PROTECTION RATIONALE X-ray may cause harm. Many somatic dangers of radiation became evident a few months after X-rays were discovered. Small doses of radiation can cause both mutations & neoplasm. No one knows just how much radiation is tolerable. Protection must be provided against any type of radiation to general public as well as radiation workers. The greatest risk from X-rays is for the operator and doctor, who may be exposed repeatedly over the years while they are working. CONTENTS General principle of radiotherapy, therapeutic ratio, cell cycle, Factors influencing radiation effects on normal tumour cells, Radiotherapy management of various malignancies treatment and side effects of radiations. Knowledge of Linear accelerators, brachytherapy & Teletherpy Machine & their Applications ,Radioactive isotopes & their applications Fundamentals of computers & its application in Radiodiagnosis & Radiotherapy Radiation hazards and its protection for occupational workers and general public, Planning of department of radiology, Radiotherpy.Structure of Atom, Radio Activity natural and artificial production. Interaction of radiation with matter, quantity and quality of radiation and the factors on which it depends. H.V.T. T.V.T Various radiation units – Roentgen, rad, rem, etc, Dosimetry, various radiation measuring instruments, ICRP recommendations, measurement of X-ray and other radiation, rules of AERB , effects of radiation, radiation hazards, , film badge. REFERENCE BOOKS:

1.Radiation Physics Satish Bharghav

2.The Fundamentals of X-ray and Radiation Josaphy Selman

(i) Knowledge of Ultra sonograhy, Color Doppler, different types of transducers.

(ii) CT Scan, conventional, spiral (Helical), Multi slice.

(xiii) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

(xiv) Spectroscopy (MRS)

(xv) Computerized radiography

(xvi) Digital Radiography

(xvii) DSA

(xviii) Picture Archiving communication system (PACS)

(xix) Mammography

(xx) Orthopantography

(xxi) Positron emission Tomography (PET)

(xxii) Different type of cameras e.g. laser, photography etc.

2. REFERENCE BOOK:

1. Radiation Physics Satish Bharghav

2. The Fundamentals of X-ray and Radiation Josah Selman

3. Diagnostic Ultrasound Rumack

4. Computed Tomography & Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Whole Body Haaga

5. Foundation of Computing P.K Sinha & P Sinha BPB Publication Patient Care & Hospital Management CONTENTS Cleaning and care of enamel, stainless steel and glass instruments/cleaning of rubber and polythene goods, care of linen, woolen blankets, mattress and other sheets, bed making, giving bedpan, urinal and removing them. Lifting of patients and first aid procedures. Transferring patients from wheel chairs, trolley or stretcher to the bed and x-ray couch and vice versa. Temperature, pulse, respiration and blood pressure, enema water and soap water enema. Explanation of hospital charts, sterilization and sterile technique of handling the sterile instruments. Injection Technique : Intra Muscular, Intra Venous, setting up of drip, supply of oxygen, dignity of patient. Psychology of the sick. Preparation of the patient for any major investigation. Use of X-ray and radiation hazards. Preparation of the trays for special investigation and care of cancer patients. Maintaining up to date medico legal case (MLC) Radiographic record and verification of patient’s marks of identity. Storage and distribution of reported films, storage of waste films and used solutions. Hospital management Rules & Regulations: Licensing & registration procedure, Shop & Commercial Establishment act. Municipal bye laws & insurance coverage. Management Techniques : Leadership authority responsibility , Functions of Hospital Management Quality Control & Quality Acceptance Meaning importance of keeping standard, Factors responsible for deviation from standards.ISO and ISO 9000 to 9006,Total quality management. Human Relations & Personality Development Motivating the employees,Inter personnel relations, Grievances and their handling, Staff requirement, training and monitoring. Bio Medical Waste Management: Environmental impact of radiation, Introduction to bio-medicinal waste, Types of biomedical waste, Collection of bio-medical waste, treatment and safe disposal of bio-medical waste REFERENCE BOOK: 6- WHO – A Guide to X-Ray Department 7- WHO – Manual of Radiographic Technique. 8- Radiographic for Technicians. 9- Hand Bok on entrepreneurship Development O.P. harkut. 10- Environmental Impact Assessment Mc Graw Hill, New Yark, 1977 [Type text] [Type text] [Type text] CLINICAL & INSTRUMENTAL SKILL LAB TRAINING– II RATIONALE It is very important for an X-ray trainee to have practical knowledge of various laboratory tests. The student will be able to interpret correctly the test results and correct diagnosis of a disease. PRACTICALS Practical & training related to theory papers – Radiography –II (Special). Radiotherapy Radiation Hazards & Protection, Physics of Recent Advances, Patient care & Hospital Management. Since the trainee has to work on various medical instruments & equipments, he must have the basic knowledge and practical training about the different machines so that in case of any trouble during work. He/She will be able to correct and repair the faults. PRACTICALS: - Introduction to equipments - Simple usage - Indication & Contraindication use - Repair & Maintenance of Instruments.

Note : The Essential Theory should be taught during the Practicals. REFERENCE BOOKS: WHO – A Guide to X-Ray Department. Schedule-3 [See regulation 41(2)] Syllabus of Diploma in Cardio Instrument Technician The syllabus shall be as prescribed by Rajasthan Paramedical Council (RPMC) with consent of Rajasthan University of Health Sciences (RUHS). First Year Schedule-4 [See regulation 41(2)] Syllabus of Diploma in Operation Theater Technology

1. Anatomy & Physiology

2. Computer & Communication Skills

3. Basic Bio Chemistry Pathology & Micro Biology

4. Basic obstetrics and Gynecology

5. General Principal of Hospital Practice and Patient Care Practical:  Anatomy & Physiology  Basic Bio Chemistry, Pathology & Micro Biology  Basic obstetrics and Gynecology  O.T. Instruments & Technique  Hospital Training 45 Days after final examination Second Year

1. Entrepreneurship & Professional Management

2. Environmental &Bio Medical Waste Management

3. Patients Care education and Intensive Care unit

4. Introduction to Anesthesia Technology

5. Basic Anesthesia Technology

6. Applied Anaesthesia Technology Practical:  Patients Care education and Intensive Care unit  Introduction to Anesthesia Technology  Basic Anesthesia Technology  Applied Anesthesia Technology  O.T. Instruments & Technique  Hospital Training 45 Days after final examination Examination Scheme for (1st Year) Diploma in Medical Operation Theater Technology Subjects Hrs. Per Week Theor y Paper Exam Hrs. Maximum Marks D.O.T.T First Years L T P I.A. Exam Total Anatomy & Physiology 5 1 - T 3 A B Total A B Total 100 15 15 30 35 35 70 Computer & Communication Skills 2 1 - T 3 15 15 30 35 35 70 100 Bio Chemistry & Pathology, Micro Biology 5 1 - T 3 15 15 30 35 35 70 100 Basic obstetrics and Gynecology 4 2 - T 3 30 70 100 General Principal of Hospital Practice and Patient Care 4 2 - T 3 30 70 100 Practical: Hrs Per Week Practic al Paper Exam Hrs. Maximum Marks IA Exam Total Anatomy & Physiology 3 P 3 A B Total A B Total 50 8 7 15 18 17 35 Bio Chemistry, & Pathology, Micro Biology 3 P 3 8 7 15 18 17 35 50 Basic obstetrics and Gynecology 3 P 3 15 35 50 O.T. Instruments & Technique 2 P 3 15 35 50 Hospital Training 45 Days after final examination Operation Theatre Departments, CSSD 100 100 800 All theory paper carries a maximum of 100 marks out of which 30 marks are for internal Assessment and 70 is for Council exam. All practical paper carries a maximum of 50 marks out of which 15 is for internal Assessment and 35 is for Council Exam. And hospital training each 100 hundred marks. [Type text] [Type text] [Type text] PAPER- I A (ANATOMY) , B (PHYSIOLOGY) I. The human body as a whole Definitions, Subdivisions of Anatomy, Terms of locations and position, Fundamental Planes, Vertebrate structure of man, organization of the Body Cells and Tissues. II. Locomotion and support. The Skeletal system: Types of bones, structures and growth of bones, Divisions of the skeleton, Appendicular skeleton, Axial skeleton, Bones of Upper Limb – Clavicle, Scapula, Humerus, Radius, Ulna Lower Limb – Femur, Hipbone, Sacrum Tibia, Fibula Vertebral Column, Ribs, Sternum, joint-classification, types of movements with examples. III. Anatomy of the nervous system. Central nervous system: Spinal Cord Anatomy, functions, reflex- arc, Meninges, The Brain- Hind Brain, Midbrain, Forebrain: Cerebrum, Cerebellum Brain Stem: Brief structure, location, functions, and Peripheral nervous system (structure of neuron) IV. Anatomy of circulatory system: Heart size, location, coverings, chambers & valves of heart, Blood supply, Nerve Supply, blood vessels, General plan of circulation, pulmonary circulation, Names of major arteries and veins and their positions, lymphatic system: general plan. V. Anatomy of the respiratory system: Organs of Respiratory System, Conducting portion, Nose: nasal cavity, Para nasal air sinuses, Larynx, trachea, bronchial tree. Respiratory portion: Pleurae and lungs, Brief knowledge of parts and position. VI. Anatomy of the digestive system: Components of Digestive system, alimentary tube, Anatomy of organs of digestive tube, mouth, salivary glands, stomach, intestine, liver, Billary apparatus, pancreas, Names and positions and brief functions, VII. Anatomy of excretory system and reproductive system. Kidneys: location, gross structure & function structure of nephron, excretory ducts, ureters, Urinary bladder, Urethra gross structure & function. Male Reproductive System: Testis, Duct system. Female Reproductive System: VIII. Anatomy of the endocrine system. Name of all endocrine glands their positions, Hormones and their functions- Pituitary, Thyriod, parathyroid, Adrenal glands, Gonads & Islets of pancreas. IX. Histology-Epithelium, connective tissue, gland. Anatomy Practical:  Demonstration of bones identification and side determination upper limb-clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, lower limb-temur, Hip bone, Tibia, Fibula, Vertebral Column, Ribs, Sternum, Sacrum  Demonstration of heart.  Demonstration of different parts of respiratory system and normal X-rays- lungs.  Demonstration of the part of digestive system and normal X-rays- stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver.  Embalming of human cadavers for teaching purposes & social/ funeral embalming.  Surface anatomy on cadaver.  Demonstration of major vessels of the body-Aorta, subclavian, carotid, brachial, radial, ulnar, femoral, renal.  Demonstration of major muscles of the body-limbs  Demonstration of other organs—spleen, testis, uterus. (B) PHYSIOLOGY: General Physiology: Cell: Structure and function of a cell, Transport across the cell membrane Active transport, Passive Transport: Diffusion & Osmosis, Tissues: Definition, types, Nerve Body water and body fluids: Distribution and Ionic composition of body fluids The Membrane Potentials: Resting membrane potentials and Action Potential Blood: Composition and functions of blood, Blood Cells: RBC, WBC, Platelets, Haemoglobin, Coagulation of blood (Clotting factors), Blood groups, Immunity,: Anaemia, Jaundice, Haemophilia Gastrointestinal Tract: Structure and Functions Oral Cavity: Composition and functions of saliva, Mastication (chewing), Swallowing Stomach: Structure and Functions, Gastric juice, Gastric motility and emptying Pancreas: Structure and Functions, Composition and functions of pancreatic juice Liver: Structure and Functions Gall Bladder: Functions of gall bladder Bile: Composition and functions Intestine: Intestine juice and movements Balanced diet Applied aspect Respiratory System: Air Passages: Function and structure, Functions of respiratory system, Mechanism of respiration (Inspiration and Expiration), Lung volumes and capacities Alveolar Ventilation, Dead space (Anatomical and Physiological) Transport of gases: Oxygen transport [Carriage of oxygen in blood; Dissolved form & combined with haemoglobin], Oxygen haemoglobin dissociation curve, Carbon-di-oxide transport [Carriage of Carbon-dioxide in blood]. Regulation of respiration: Nervous Regulation [Automatic control via Medullary and Pontine centers, Voluntary control of respiration], Chemical Regulation of respiration [Peripheral chemoreceptors (Carotid bodies and Aortic bodies) and Central (Medullary) chemoreceptors]. Hypoxia (Types of hypoxia), Dyspnea Cardiovascular System: Properties of Cardiac Muscle Physiological structure and function of CVS (Valves, Pacemaker tissue,Heart sounds) Cardiac Cycle Heart rate Electrocardiography, Cardiac Output Arterial blood pressure Regulation of cardiovascular system Excretory System: Nephrons: Cortical and medullary Urine formation Micturition Functions of kidney: Endocrine functions, Water balance, Acid-base balance Endocrine System: Definitions and properties of hormones Pituitary Gland Anterior Pituitary – Six Hormones (GH, PRL, TSH, ACTH, LH, FSH) Growth Hormone (GH): Action and control, Applied (Dwarfism and Acromegaly) Prolactin (PRL): Action and control Posterior Pituitary ADH (Anti diuretic hormone): Action and control, Applied Oxytocin: Action and Control Thyroid Gland: Types of hormones (T3 and T4), Regulation of hormone secretion, Actions of thyroid hormone: On carbohydrate metabolism, On lipid metabolism, On growth and development, Effect on nervous system, Applied (Goiter, Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism) Parathyroid, Calcitonin and Vitamin-D: Role of calcium in physiological processes, Hormones regulating calcium metabolism (Vitamin-D, PTH, Calcitonin), Applied: Rickets Adrenal Cortex: Actions of glucocorticoids, : Actions of Mineralocorticoids, Applied: Cushing’s syndrome, Addison’s disease, Sex hormones Adrenal Medulla: Actions of catecholamine's, Pancreas: Hormones: Glucagon and Insulin, Applied: Diabetes Mellitus Reproductive System Sex determination, Sex differentiation and Puberty Male Reproductive System: Testis: Structure and functions, Spermatogenesis, Structure of the sperm, Seminal fluid (semen), Endocrine functions (Testosterone) Female Reproductive System.Structure and functions, Ovary, Ovarian hormones (Estrogen, Progesterone) Menstrual cycle: Menopause Contraceptive measures Central Nervous System Organization and functions of nervous system Brain: Cerebrum, Thalamus, Hypothalamus Brain stem: Midbrain, Pons, Medulla, Cerebellum Spinal Cord: Structure and functions Autonomic Nervous system (ANS) Cerebrospinal Fluid Special Senses: The Smell: Olfactory receptors, Olfactory pathway The Taste: Taste Receptors (Taste buds), Taste Pathway The Ear: External ear, Middle Ear, Internal ear [Type text] [Type text] [Type text] (Cochlea), Mechanism of hearing, Applied (deafness) The Eye: Parts of eye: Sclera, Choroid, Retina, Crystalline lens, photoreceptors (Rods and cones), Visual Pathway, Image formation, Accommodation, Lacrimal gland, Applied (Cataract, Glaucoma, Blindness) Skin and Temperature: Structure and function of skin Temperature Regulation Practical:  Collection of blood  Study of haemocytometer. Haemoglobinometry white blood cell count, red blood cell count,  Determination of blood groups.  Leishman's staining and differentiate WBC counts.  Determination of packed cell value  Calculation of blood indices, fragility test for R.B.C.  Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)  Determination of bleeding time.  Determination of clotting time  Blood pressure recording auscultation for heart sounds, artificial respiration determination of vital capacity. Recommended Books:

1. Text books of Physiology. Author: Guyton (Arthor C). Prism publishers Bangalore.

2. Human Physiology. Author : Chaterjee (cc). Medical allied agency

3. Concise Medical physiology. Author : Choudhary (Sujit km.). New central books Kolkata.

4. Review Medical physiology. Author : Ganang. Application and Lange.

5. Human physiology. Author : Pro. A.K. Jain. Avichal Publishing Company.

6. Practical Physiology : Author : Prof. A.K. Jain, Arya Publishers. PAPER II – COMPUTER & COMUNICATIONS SKILLS A- COMMUNICATION SKILL COURSE OUTLINE COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course is designed to help the student acquire a Good command and comprehension of the English language through individual Papers and conferences. BEHAVIOURAL OBJECTIVES: The student at the end of training is able to

1. Read and comprehend English language

2. Speak and write grammatically correct English

3. Appreciates the value of English literature in personal and professional life. INTRODUCTION: Study Techniques Organization of effective note taking and logical processes of Analysis and synthesis Use of the dictionary Enlargement of vocabulary Effective diction\ Unit -1

1. Parts of Speech (Definition of all the sight parts along with examples and their use in language ) Articles : Definite and indefinite Articles (a. an and the ) Definition and its uses along with examples and personal, Reflexive, Emphatic , Demonstrative, Relative, indefinite, Interrogative and distributive pronouns

2. The Noun (Defining Noun along with types and categories ): Gender; Number Case, The Adjective: Comparison, adjective used as nouns, positions of the adjective and its correct use of adjectives. The Verb Definition. Its forms, Verbs of Incomplete Predication.

3. Phrases (Defining it along with examples) : Adjective, Adverb and Noun Phrase and Clauses (defining it along with examples ) : Adverb, Adjective and Noun Clauses.

4. The Sentence and its types, Simple, Compound and Complex , Subject and Predicate (Parts of a sentence ), Transformation of sentences : Active and Passive Voice, Mood and Narration (Direct and indirect Speeches) Unit-II

1. Words and Phrases: Word Formation (Perfix, Suffix), Idioms, Synonyms and Antonyms

2. Phonetics: Speech Sound, the phoneme, the syllable and IPA transcription Business Correspondence: Unit -1

1. Paragraph Writing : Introductory Remarks, Principals, The Writing of Single Paragraphs and Precis Writing.

2. Letter Writing, Quotations, Orders and Tenders: Inviting and Sending quotations, Placing orders and inviting tenders. Unit –II

1. Notices , Agenda and Minutes

2. Application Letter: Importance and function, drafting the application, elements structure, preparing CVs. UNIT -III: APPLIED GRAMMAR:

3. Correct usage

4. The structure of sentences

5. The structure of paragraphs

6. Enlargements of Vocabulary UNIT - IV: WRITTEN COMPOSITION: Precise writing and summarizing Writing of bibliography Enlargement of Vocabulary Suggested Reading: English Grammar and Composition Wren and Martin. S. Chand &Company Ltd. (B) Computer:

1. Computer Application Characteristic of computers. a. Input, output, storage unites. b. CPU, Computer system.

2. Computers Organization a. Central Processing Unit. b. Control Unit. [Type text] [Type text] [Type text] c. Arithmetic Unit. d. Instruction Set. e. Register. f. Processor Speed. Memory a. Main Memory. b. Storage Evaluation Criteria. c. Memory Organization. d. Memory Capacity. e. Random Access Memories. F. Read Storage Devices. i. Magnetic Disk ii. Floppy and Hard Disk. iii. Optical Disks CD-ROM iv. Mass Storage Input Devices a. Keyboard. b. Mouse. c. Trackball. d. Joystick e. Scanner f. Optical Mark Reader g. Bar-Code Reader h. Magnetic ink character reader. i. Digitizer. ii. Card reader. iii. Voice recognition. iv. Web cam. v. Video Cameras. Output Devices a. Monitors. b. Printers. i. Dot Matrix Printers. ii. Inkjet Printers. iii. Laser Printers. c. Plotters. d. Computers Output Micro Files (Com). e. Multimedia Projector.

3. Operating System a. Microsoft. i. An overview of different version of windows. ii. Basic windows elements. iii. File management through windows. iv. Using essential accessories : System took Disk cleanup. Disk defragmenter, Entertainment, Games, Calculator. Imaging - Fax, Notepad, paint, WordPad. Recycle Bin, Windows Explorer, Creating Folders, Icons.

4. Word Processing: a. Word processing concepts. b. Saving, closing, opening an existing document. c. Selecting text, editing text. d. Finding and replacing text. e. Printing documents. f. Creating and printing merged documents, Mail merge. g. Character and paragraph formatting, page design and layout. h. Editing and proofing tools; checking and correcting spelling. i. Handing graphics. j. Creating tables and charts. k. Documents templates and wizards.

5. Presentation Package: a. Creating opening and saving presentations. b. Creating the look of your presentation. c. Working in different views, working with slides. d. Adding and formatting text, formatting paragraphs. e. Checking spelling and correcting typing mistakes. f. Making notes pages and handouts. g. Drawing and working with objects. h. Adding clip art and other pictures. i. Designing slides shows. j. Running and controlling a slide shows. k. Printing Presentations. Unit-1 : Use at Internet and E-mail :

1. Internet.

2. Websites (Internet sites).

3. The Mail Protocol site. Unit-2 : Hospital Management System : Types andUses.

1. Hospital Management and System Package. REFERENCE BOOKS :

1. Foundations of computing first edition, 2002. Author : P.K. Sinha and P. Sinha.

2. Microsoft office 2000 for windows, second Indian pint, person education. Author :S. Sagman. Paper 3 (A) Biochemistry & (B) Pathology, Microbiology 1st year:

(1) Acids and Bases. Definition. definition of pH and its interpretation.

(2) Water and Solutions. Osmosis, Molarity, Molality, Normality. Buffer solution and their importance. pKa of buffer solution.

(3) Chemistry of Carbohydrates: Definition, Classification, Structural Isomerism, Optical isomerism. reactions. [Type text] [Type text] [Type text]

(4) Chemistry of Proteins and Amino Acids: Definition, Structure and classification of Amino Acids. Essential amino acids. Definition, Structure of proteins, Functional classification of proteins.

(5) Chemistry of Lipids: Definition of lipids, Classification of lipids, Phospholipids, Gangliosides, Cerebrosides, Glycolipids, Lipoproteins (definition, classification and functions) Chemical reactions of Lipids.

(6) Chemistry of Nucleic acids: Structure of DNA, RNA classification and structure of the various types of RNA.

(7) Nutrition and Basal metabolism: BMI and its calculation, Specific dynamic action (SDA) , Nutritional requirements and their calculations. Protein energy malnutrition.

(8) Vitamins: definition, Classification, Uses in the body and deficiency diseases.

(9) Clinical biochemistry:(for MLT course only)

(a) Photometry: Laws of Photometry, absorbance, transmittance, Structure and components of a photometer. Types of photometry: colorimetry, spectrophotometry, flurometry. Choice of filters etc.

(b) Electrophoresis Principal types and applications. Practical:  Introduction to apparatus, instruments and uses of chemical balance.  Preparation of solutions, calculation of molecular weights and Equivalent weights preparation of normal solution, molar solutions, percent solution and reagents Dilution techniques.  Measurements of hydrogen ion concentration qualitative Analysis. Identification of carbohydrates, proteins and substances of biochemical Importance.  Demonstration of colorimeter, spectrophotometer, perimeter, single pan balance.  Disposal regulations, workplace hazardous.  Specimen collection, identification, transport, delivery and preservation.  Patient preparation for tests.  Anticoagulants and preservatives  Regulations and precautions regarding transport of biological specimens  Preparation of high quality water  pH determination  Preparation of buffers and determination of pH  Measurement of radioactivity  Practical related to solvent extraction, Partition coefficient, Dialysis, Concentration,  Desalting and Ultracentrifugation.  Calibration of equipments and laboratory wares.  Familiarization and usage of Colorimetry, specterophotometry, fluorimetry,  flame photometry, atomic absorption spectroscopy, nephelometry, osmometry,  Chemiluminesence ,ion selective electrodes, flowcytometry.  Chromatography : - Paper, Thin layer, Gel filtration, Ion exchange, HPLC, GLC,  Separation of various sugars, amino acids, lipids, drugs toxins etc. Urine aminogram. (B) Pathology, Microbiology: 1 YEAR 70 HRS UNIT 1 The Cell in health and disease 10 HRS a. Introduction of pathology b. Cellular structure and metabolism c. Inflammation – Acute and Chronic d. Derangement of Body Fluids and Electrolytes • Types of shocks • Ischaemia • Infection UNIT 2 Body Fluid 20 HRS a) Urine : • Method of Collection • Normal Constitutents • Physical Examination • Chemical Examination b) Stool Examination : • Method of Collection • Normal Constituents and appearance • Abnormal Constituents (Ova, Cyst) c) C.S.F. Examination • Physical Examination  Chemical Examination • Microscopy • Celll Count • Staining d) Semen Analysis • Collection • Examination • Special Tests Human blood group antigens and antibodies b) ABO Blood group systems • Sub. – group • Source of antigens and types of antibodies c) Rh Blood group System • Types of Antigen • Mode of Inheritance • Types of Antibodies d) Other Blood grup Antigens e) Blood Collection • Selection and screening of donor • Collection of blood • Various anticoagulants • Sotrage of Blood. • Changes in Blood on Sotrage UNIT 3 HISTOPATHOLOGY 25 HRS a) Fixation of tissues • Classification of Fixatives b) Tissue Processing • Collection • Steps of fixation c) Section Cutting • Microtome and Knives • Techniques of Section Cutting • Mounting of Sections • Frozen Sections d) Decalcification [Type text] [Type text] [Type text] • Fixation • Declacification • End Point e) Staining Dyes and their properties, H & E Stain, Special Stains Histo Pathology ,Clinical Pathology, Haematology and Blood Banking HistoPathology - Theory - Introduction to Histo Pathology - Receiving of Specimen in the laboratory - Grossing Techniques - Mounting Techniques – various Mountants - Maintenance of records and filing of the slides. - Use & care of Microscope - Various Fixatives, Mode of action, Preparation and Indication. - Bio-Medical waste management - Section Cutting - Tissue processing for routine paraffin sections - Decalcification of Tissues. - Staining of tissues - H& E Staining - Bio-Medical waste management Clinical Pathology – Theory - Introduction to Clinical Pathology - Collection, Transport, Preservation, and Processing of various clinical specimens - Urine Examination – Collection and Preservation of urine. Physical, chemical, Microscopic Examination - Examination of body fluids. - Examination of cerebro spinal fluid (CSF) - Sputum Examination. - Examination of faces Haematology – Theory - Introduction to Haematology - Normal constituents of Blood, their structure and function. - Collection of Blood samples - Various Anticoagulants used in Haematology - Various instruments and glassware used in Haematology, Preparation and use of glassware - Laboratory safety guidelines - SI units and conventional units in Hospital Laboratory - Hb,PCV - ESR - Normal Haemostasis Bleeding Time, Clotting Time, Prothrombin Time, Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time. Blood Bank Introduction Blood grouping and Rh Types Cross matching Practical:

7. Introduction: Aim, basis, interpretation, safety in clinical pathology laboratory.

8. 2. Laboratory organisation : Instruments, glassware’s, sample collection and specimen labeling, routine test, anticoagulants, reagents, cleaning of glassware, isotonic solution, standardization of methods, preparation of solution and interpretation of result, normal values.

1. Basic requirements for hematology laboratory.

2. Complete Blood Counts.

3. Determination of Hemoglobin.

4. TRBC Count by Hemocytometers.

5. TLC by Hemocytometer.

6. Differential Leukocyte count.

7. Determination of Platelet count.

8. Determination of ESR by wintrobes.

9. Determination of ESR by Westergerent’s method.

10. Determination of PCV by Wintrobes.

11. Erythrocyte Indices – MCV, MCH, MCHC.

12. Reticulocyte count.

13. Absolute Eosinophil count.

14. Morphology of Red Blood Cells.

15. BT and CT, PT (prothrombin) time.

16. Demonstration of (MP), malaria parasite.

17. Bone marrow smears preparation and staining procedure Demonstration.

18. ABO Blood grouping, RH typing and cross match.

19. Performance of direct and indirect combs test, red cell agglutination test (screening Paul bunnel test).

20. Blood donor selection and screening.

21. Blood collection and preservation, principal of clearing and preparing transfusion bottle and tubing sets – preparation and Transfusion reaction and their investigations. PRACTICAL BLOOD BANK:

1. Blood Bank Administration a) Record Keeping b) Computerization in blood transfusion services. c) Blood grouping ABO d) PH typing various techniques.

2. Cross Matching a) Tube test b) Slide Test c) DU Test d) Sub Grouping Test

3. Comb’s Test a) Direct comb’s test b) Indirect comb’s test

4. Compatibility Testing for blood transfusion cross matching test. a) 5% cell suspension and 10% cell suspensions. b) HIV and AIDS demonstration. Clinical Pathology:  Introduction: Aim, basis, interpretation, safety in clinical pathology laboratory. [Type text] [Type text] [Type text]  Laboratory organization : Instruments, glassware, sample collection and specimen labeling, routine test, anticoagulants, reagents, cleaning of glassware, isotonic solution, standardization of methods, preparation of solution and interpretation of result, normal values.  Urine routine examination normal / abnormal constituents of urine.  C.S.F. and other body fluid examination.  Semen Analysis.  Sputum test.  Different types blood test.  Stool routine examination. Recommended text books and reference books (Latest Edition)

1. Hand book of Blood Transfusion Therapy. Author : J.A.F. Napier. Publisher : John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, England

2. Blood Banking and Transfusion Medicine Basic Principles practice. Author : Christopher D., Hill Yeretal. Publishers : Churchile Livingstone, Philadelphia.

3. Test book of Blood Transfusion Banking and Transfusion Medicine. Author : Sallyv. Rhdman. Publisher : W.B. Sauders Company, Philadelphia.

4. Practical Haematology. Author : Sir John Dalie. Publisher : Churevill, London.

5. Test Book of Medical Laboratory Technology. Author : Praful Godkar & Ramnik Sood. Publisher : Bhaliani Publication House, Mumbai.

6. Test books of laboratory technology. Author : Praful Godkar.

7. Todd and Sanford Clinical diagnosis and management by laboratory methods. Author : Johan Bernard Henry.

8. Practical Pathology. Author :Harsh Mohan.

9. Medical laboratory technology a procedure normal for routine. Author : Ramnik Sood. (B) Microbiology: Theory Unit I General microbiology 4 hrs  Introduction & history of microbiology  Morphology and physiology of bacteria  Sterilization and disinfection Unit II Immunology 5 hrs  Antigen and antibodies  Antigen – antibody reactions  Structure and functions of immune system  Immune response  Hypersensitivity Unit III Systemic bacteriology 15 hrs  Staphylococcus  Streptococcus  Pneumococcus  Corynebacterium  Neisseria  Clostridium  Enterobacteriaceae : Escherechia ,Kleibsella, Proteus  Salmonella  ShigellaPseudomonas  Vibrio  Mycobacterium  Spirochete Unit IV Virology 11 hrs  Morphology and Replication of viruses  Physiochemical characteristics of the viruses  Classification of virus  Laboratory diagnosis of viral infection  Herpesvirus and adenovirus  Picorna Virus- Polio  Myxovirus- Influenza  Arbovirus- Chickengunia & Dengue  Hepatitis virus  Rhabdovirus  HIV Unit V Mycology 6 hrs  Morphology and structure of fungi  Classification of fungi and Cultivation of fungi  Laboratory diagnosis of fungal infection Fungal infections  Superficial mycosis  Subcutaneous mycosis  Systemic mycosis  Opportunistic fungal infection Unit VI Parasitology 9 hrs  Introduction to parasitology with their classification Protozoa  Entamoeba histolytica  Giardia lamblia  Leishmania donovani (kala azar) Helminthes Cestodes  Tenia solium & Tenia saginata  Echhinococcus granulosus Nematodes  Ascaris lumbricoides  Ancylostoma duodenale  Wucheria bancrofti  Enterobius vermicularis & Trichuris trichuria Practical Bacteriology 17 hrs  Universal precautions [Type text] [Type text] [Type text]  Collection and transport of clinical specimen  Compound microscope ( care and operation)  Demonstration of sterilization of equipments- Hot air oven, bacterial filters  Preparation of bacterial smear and staining- Gram’s, Acid- fast, Staining of bacterial spores, flagella capsule, Albert stain, spirochaetes  Preparation of commonly used culture media, nutrient broth, nutrient agar, blood agar, Chocolate agar, Mac conkey medium, LJ medium,SDA, Robertson cooked meat media,  Study of clony charecters ,biochemical test for identification of bacteria, preservation of stock culture of bacteria  Antibiotic susceptibility test – different in vitro methods for antibiotic sensitivity testing  Visit to hospital for demonstration of biomedical waste management  Anaerobic cultur

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