The Income-tax Act, 2025
Central Act · Act 30 of 2025551 provisions
The enactment
| Type | Act |
|---|---|
| Citation | Act 30 of 2025 |
| Year | 2025 |
| Jurisdiction | Central |
| Status | In force as published by the source |
| Provisions published | 551 |
| Subjects | taxation |
Full text, provision by provision
Every provision below opens in full, free and without an account.
- Section 1 Short title, extent and commencement.
- Section 2 Definitions.
- Section 3 Definition of “tax year”
- Section 4 Charge of Income-tax
- Section 5 Scope of total income
- Section 6 Residence in India
- Section 7 Income deemed to be received and dividend deemed to be income in a tax year
- Section 8 Income on receipt of capital asset or stock-in-trade by specified person from specified entity
- Section 9 Income deemed to accrue or arise in India.
- Section 10 Apportionment of income between spouses governed by Portuguese Civil Code
- Section 11 Incomes not included in total income.
- Section 12 Incomes not included in total income of political parties and electoral trusts
- Section 13 Heads of income
- Section 14 Income not forming part of total income and expenditure in relation to such income
- Section 15 Salaries
- Section 16 Income from salary
- Section 17 Perquisite
- Section 18 Profits in lieu of salary
- Section 19 Deductions from salaries
- Section 20 Income from house property
- Section 21 Determination of annual value
- Section 22 Deductions from income from house property
- Section 23 Arrears of rent and unrealised rent received subsequently
- Section 24 Property owned by co-owners
- Section 25 Interpretation
- Section 26 Income under head “Profits and gains of business or profession”
- Section 27 Manner of computing profits and gains of business or profession
- Section 28 Rent, rates, taxes, repairs and insurance
- Section 29 Deductions related to employee welfare
- Section 30 Deduction on certain premium
- Section 31 Deduction for bad debt and provision for bad and doubtful debt
- Section 32 Other deductions
- Section 33 Deduction for depreciation
- Section 34 General conditions for allowable deductions
- Section 35 Amounts not deductible in certain circumstances
- Section 36 Expenses or payments not deductible in certain circumstances
- Section 37 Certain deductions allowed on actual payment basis only
- Section 38 Certain sums deemed as profits and gains of business or profession
- Section 39 Computation of actual cost
- Section 40 Special provision for computation of cost of acquisition of certain assets
- Section 41 Written down value of depreciable asset
- Section 42 Capitalising impact of foreign exchange fluctuation
- Section 43 Taxation of foreign exchange fluctuation
- Section 44 Amortisation of certain preliminary expenses
- Section 45 Expenditure on scientific research
- Section 46 Capital expenditure of specified business.
- Section 47 Expenditure on agricultural extension project and skill development project
- Section 48 Tea development account, coffee development account and rubber development account
- Section 49 Site Restoration Fund
- Section 50 Special provision in case of trade, profession or similar association
- Section 51 Amortisation of expenditure for prospecting certain minerals
- Section 52 Amortisation of expenditure for telecommunications services, amalgamation, demerger, scheme of voluntary retirement, etc
- Section 53 Full value of consideration for transfer of assets other than capital assets in certain cases.
- Section 54 Business of prospecting for mineral oils
- Section 55 Insurance business
- Section 56 Special provision in case of interest income of specified financial institutions
- Section 57 Revenue recognition for construction and service contracts
- Section 58 Special provision for computing profits and gains of business or profession on presumptive basis in case of certain residents
- Section 59 Computation of royalty and fee for technical services in hands of non-residents
- Section 60 Deduction of head office expenditure in case of non-residents
- Section 61 Special provision for computation of income on presumptive basis in respect of certain business activities of certain non-residents
- Section 62 Maintenance of books of account
- Section 63 Tax audit
- Section 64 Special provision for computing deductions in case of business reorganisation of co-operative banks.
- Section 65 Interpretation for purposes of section 64.
- Section 66 Interpretation
- Section 67 Capital gains
- Section 68 Capital gains on distribution of assets by companies in liquidation
- Section 69 Capital gains on purchase by company of its own shares or other specified securities
- Section 70 Transactions not regarded as transfer
- Section 71 Withdrawal of exemption in certain cases
- Section 72 Mode of computation of capital gains
- Section 73 Cost with reference to certain modes of acquisition.
- Section 74 Special provision for computation of capital gains in case of depreciable assets
- Section 75 Special provision for cost of acquisition in case of depreciable asset
- Section 76 Special provision for computation of capital gains in case of Market Linked Debenture
- Section 77 Special provision for computation of capital gains in case of slump sale
- Section 78 Special provision for full value of consideration in certain cases
- Section 79 Special provision for full value of consideration for transfer of share other than quoted share
- Section 80 Fair market value deemed to be full value of consideration in certain cases
- Section 81 Advance money received
- Section 82 Profit on sale of property used for residence
- Section 83 Capital gains on transfer of land used for agricultural purposes not to be charged in certain cases
- Section 84 Capital gains on compulsory acquisition of lands and buildings not to be charged in certain cases
- Section 85 Capital gains not to be charged on investment in certain bonds
- Section 86 Capital gains on transfer of certain capital assets not to be charged in case of investment in residential house
- Section 87 Exemption of capital gains on transfer of assets in cases of shifting of industrial undertaking from urban area
- Section 88 Exemption of capital gains on transfer of assets in cases of shifting of industrial undertaking from urban area to any Special Economic Zone
- Section 89 Extension of time for acquiring new asset or depositing or investing amount of capital gains
- Section 90 Meaning of “adjusted”, “cost of improvement” and “cost of acquisition”
- Section 91 Reference to Valuation Officer
- Section 92 Income from other sources
- Section 93 Deductions
- Section 94 Amounts not deductible
- Section 95 Profits chargeable to tax
- Section 96 Transfer of income without transfer of assets
- Section 97 Chargeability of income in transfer of assets
- Section 98 “Transfer” and “revocable transfer” defined
- Section 99 Income of individual to include income of spouse, minor child, etc.
- Section 100 Liability of person in respect of income included in income of another person
- Section 101 Total income
- Section 102 Unexplained credits
- Section 103 Unexplained investment
- Section 104 Unexplained asset
- Section 105 Unexplained expenditure.
- Section 106 Amount borrowed or repaid through negotiable instrument, hundi, etc
- Section 107 Charge of tax
- Section 108 Set off of losses under same head of income
- Section 109 Set off of losses under any other head of income
- Section 110 Carry forward and set off of loss from house property
- Section 111 Carry forward and set off of loss from Capital gains
- Section 112 Carry forward and set off of business loss
- Section 113 Set off and carry forward of losses computed in respect of speculation business
- Section 114 Set off and carry forward of losses computed in respect of specified business
- Section 115 Set off and carry forward of losses from specified activity
- Section 116 Treatment of accumulated losses and unabsorbed depreciation in amalgamation or demerger, etc
- Section 117 Treatment of accumulated losses and unabsorbed depreciation in scheme of amalgamation in certain cases
- Section 118 Carry forward and set off of losses and unabsorbed depreciation in business reorganization of co-operative banks
- Section 119 Carry forward and set off of losses not permissible in certain cases.
- Section 120 No set off of losses against undisclosed income consequent to search, requisition and survey
- Section 121 Submission of return for losses
- Section 122 Deductions to be made in computing total income
- Section 123 Deduction for life insurance premia, deferred annuity, contributions to provident fund, etc
- Section 124 Deduction in respect of employer and assessee contribution to pension scheme of Central Government
- Section 125 Deduction in respect of contribution to Agnipath Scheme
- Section 126 Deduction in respect of health insurance premia
- Section 127 Deduction in respect of maintenance including medical treatment of a dependant who is a person with disability
- Section 128 Deduction in respect of medical treatment, etc
- Section 129 Deduction in respect of interest on loan taken for higher education
- Section 130 Deduction in respect of interest on loan taken for residential house property
- Section 131 Deduction in respect of interest on loan taken for certain house property
- Section 132 Deduction in respect of purchase of electric vehicle
- Section 133 Deduction in respect of donations to certain funds, charitable institutions, etc
- Section 134 Deductions in respect of rents paid
- Section 135 Deduction in respect of certain donations for scientific research or rural development
- Section 136 Deduction in respect of contributions given by companies to political parties
- Section 137 Deduction in respect of contributions given by any person to political parties
- Section 138 Deductions in respect of profits and gains from industrial undertakings or enterprises engaged in infrastructure development, etc
- Section 139 Deductions in respect of profits and gains by an undertaking or enterprise engaged in development of Special Economic Zone
- Section 140 Special provision in respect of specified business
- Section 141 Deduction in respect of profits and gains from certain industrial undertakings
- Section 142 Deductions in respect of profits and gains from housing projects
- Section 143 Special provisions in respect of certain undertakings in North-Eastern States
- Section 144 Special provisions in respect of newly established Units in Special Economic Zones
- Section 145 Deduction for businesses engaged in collecting and processing of bio-degradable waste
- Section 146 Deduction in respect of additional employee cost.
- Section 147 Deductions for income of Offshore Banking Units and Units of International Financial Services Centre
- Section 148 Deduction in respect of certain inter-corporate dividends
- Section 149 Deduction in respect of income of co-operative societies
- Section 150 Interpretation for purposes of section 149
- Section 151 Deduction in respect of royalty income, etc , of authors of certain books other than text-books
- Section 152 Deduction in respect of royalty on patents
- Section 153 Deduction for interest on deposits.
- Section 154 Deduction in case of a person with disability
- Section 155 Rebate to be allowed in computing income-tax
- Section 156 Rebate of income-tax in case of certain individuals
- Section 157 Relief when salary, etc , is paid in arrears or in advance
- Section 158 Relief from taxation in income from retirement benefit account maintained in a notified country
- Section 159 Agreement with foreign countries or specified territories and adoption by Central Government of agreement between specified associations for double taxation relief
- Section 160 Countries with which no agreement exists
- Section 161 Computation of income from international transaction and specified domestic transaction having regard to arm’s length price
- Section 162 Meaning of associated enterprise.
- Section 163 Meaning of international transaction
- Section 164 Meaning of specified domestic transaction
- Section 165 Determination of arm’s length price
- Section 166 Reference to Transfer Pricing Officer
- Section 167 Power of Board to make safe harbour rules
- Section 168 Advance pricing agreement
- Section 169 Effect to advance pricing agreement
- Section 170 Secondary adjustment in certain cases
- Section 171 Maintenance, keeping and furnishing of information and document by certain persons
- Section 172 Report from an accountant to be furnished by persons entering into international transaction or specified domestic transaction
- Section 173 Definitions of certain terms relevant to determination of arm’s length price, etc.
- Section 174 Avoidance of income-tax by transactions resulting in transfer of income to non-residents
- Section 175 Avoidance of tax by certain transactions in securities
- Section 176 Special measures in respect of transactions with persons located in notified jurisdictional area
- Section 177 Limitation on interest deduction in certain cases
- Section 178 Applicability of General Anti-Avoidance Rule
- Section 179 Impermissible avoidance arrangement
- Section 180 Arrangement to lack commercial substance
- Section 181 Consequences of impermissible avoidance arrangement
- Section 182 Treatment of connected person and accommodating party
- Section 183 Application of this Chapter
- Section 184 Interpretation
- Section 185 Mode of taking or accepting certain loans, deposits and specified sum
- Section 186 Mode of undertaking transactions
- Section 187 Acceptance of payment through prescribed electronic modes
- Section 188 Mode of repayment of certain loans or deposits or specified advances.
- Section 189 Interpretation
- Section 190 Determination of tax where total income includes income on which no tax is payable
- Section 191 Tax on accumulated balance of recognised provident fund
- Section 192 Tax in case of block assessment of search cases
- Section 193 Tax on income from Global Depository Receipts purchased in foreign currency or capital gains arising from their transfer
- Section 194 Tax on certain incomes
- Section 195 Tax on income referred to in sections 102 to 106
- Section 196 Tax on short-term capital gains in certain cases
- Section 197 Tax on long-term capital gains
- Section 198 Tax on long-term capital gains in certain cases
- Section 199 Tax on income of certain manufacturing domestic companies
- Section 200 Tax on income of certain domestic companies
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