The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023

Central Act · Act 45 of 2023358 provisions2,553 citing judgments

The enactment

Full text, provision by provision

Every provision below opens in full, free and without an account.

• Section 1 Short title, commencement and application.
• Section 2 Definitions.4 citing judgments
• Section 3 General explanations.1 citing judgment
• Section 4 Punishments.6 citing judgments
• Section 5 Commutation of sentence.3 citing judgments
• Section 6 Fractions of terms of punishment.1 citing judgment
• Section 7 Sentence may be (in certain cases of imprisonment) wholly or partly rigorous or simple.1 citing judgment
• Section 8 Amount of fine, liability in default of payment of fine, etc.5 citing judgments
• Section 9 Limit of punishment of offence made up of several offences.1 citing judgment
• Section 10 Punishment of person guilty of one of several offences, judgment stating that it is doubtful of which.1 citing judgment
• Section 11 Solitary confinement.1 citing judgment
• Section 12 Limit of solitary confinement.1 citing judgment
• Section 13 Enhanced punishment for certain offences after previous conviction.3 citing judgments
• Section 14 Act done by a person bound, or by mistake of fact believing himself bound, by law.1 citing judgment
• Section 15 Act of Judge when acting judicially.
• Section 16 Act done pursuant to judgment or order of Court.
• Section 17 Act done by a person justified, or by mistake of fact believing himself justified, by law.1 citing judgment
• Section 18 Accident in doing a lawful act.
• Section 19 Act likely to cause harm, but done without criminal intent, and to prevent other harm.
• Section 20 Act of a child under seven years of age.
• Section 21 Act of a child above seven and under twelve years of age of immature understanding.1 citing judgment
• Section 22 Act of a person of unsound mind.1 citing judgment
• Section 23 Act of a person incapable of judgment by reason of intoxication caused against his will.3 citing judgments
• Section 24 Offence requiring a particular intent or knowledge committed by one who is intoxicated.
• Section 25 Act not intended and not known to be likely to cause death or grievous hurt, done by consent.3 citing judgments
• Section 26 Act not intended to cause death, done by consent in good faith for person's benefit.2 citing judgments
• Section 27 Act done in good faith for benefit of child or person of unsound mind, by, or by consent of guardian.1 citing judgment
• Section 28 Consent known to be given under fear or misconception.
• Section 29 Exclusion of acts which are offences independently of harm caused.
• Section 30 Act done in good faith for benefit of a person without consent.5 citing judgments
• Section 31 Communication made in good faith.
• Section 32 Act to which a person is compelled by threats.
• Section 33 Act causing slight harm.
• Section 34 Things done in private defence.1 citing judgment
• Section 35 Right of private defence of body and of property.31 citing judgments
• Section 36 Right of private defence against act of a person of unsound mind, etc.
• Section 37 Acts against which there is no right of private defence.
• Section 38 When right of private defence of body extends to causing death.
• Section 39 When such right extends to causing any harm other than death.
• Section 40 Commencement and continuance of right of private defence of body.2 citing judgments
• Section 41 When right of private defence of property extends to causing death.
• Section 42 When such right extends to causing any harm other than death.2 citing judgments
• Section 43 Commencement and continuance of right of private defence of property.
• Section 44 Right of private defence against deadly assault when there is risk of harm to innocent person.
• Section 45 Abetment of a thing.12 citing judgments
• Section 46 Abettor.
• Section 47 Abetment in India of offences outside India.1 citing judgment
• Section 48 Abetment outside India for offence in India.1 citing judgment
• Section 49 Punishment of abetment if act abetted is committed in consequence and where no express provision is made for its punishment.1 citing judgment
• Section 50 Punishment of abetment if person abetted does act with different intention from that of abettor.
• Section 51 Liability of abettor when one act abetted and different act done.
• Section 52 Abettor when liable to cumulative punishment for act abetted and for act done.
• Section 53 Liability of abettor for an effect caused by act abetted different from that intended by abettor.
• Section 54 Abettor present when offence is committed.3 citing judgments
• Section 55 Abetment of offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life.1 citing judgment
• Section 56 Abetment of offence punishable with imprisonment.
• Section 57 Abetting commission of offence by public or by more than ten persons.
• Section 58 Concealing design to commit offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life.
• Section 59 Public servant concealing design to commit offence which it is his duty to prevent.
• Section 60 Concealing design to commit offence punishable with imprisonment.1 citing judgment
• Section 61 Criminal conspiracy.4 citing judgments
• Section 62 Punishment for attempting to commit offences punishable with imprisonment for life or other imprisonment.1 citing judgment
• Section 63 Rape.3 citing judgments
• Section 64 Punishment for rape.44 citing judgments
• Section 65 Punishment for rape in certain cases.5 citing judgments
• Section 66 Punishment for causing death or resulting in persistent vegetative state of victim.8 citing judgments
• Section 67 Sexual intercourse by husband upon his wife during separation.
• Section 68 Sexual intercourse by a person in authority.
• Section 69 Sexual intercourse by employing deceitful means, etc.175 citing judgments
• Section 70 Gang rape.3 citing judgments
• Section 71 Punishment for repeat offenders.1 citing judgment
• Section 72 Disclosure of identity of victim of certain offences, etc.1 citing judgment
• Section 73 Printing or publishing any matter relating to Court proceedings without permission.
• Section 74 Assault or use of criminal force to woman with intent to outrage her modesty.21 citing judgments
• Section 75 Sexual harassment.8 citing judgments
• Section 76 Assault or use of criminal force to woman with intent to disrobe.8 citing judgments
• Section 77 Voyeurism.3 citing judgments
• Section 78 Stalking.5 citing judgments
• Section 79 Word, gesture or act intended to insult modesty of a woman.7 citing judgments
• Section 80 Dowry death.18 citing judgments
• Section 81 Cohabitation caused by man deceitfully inducing belief of lawful marriage.1 citing judgment
• Section 82 Marrying again during lifetime of husband or wife.
• Section 83 Marriage ceremony fraudulently gone through without lawful marriage.
• Section 84 Enticing or taking away or detaining with criminal intent a married woman.3 citing judgments
• Section 85 Husband or relative of husband of a woman subjecting her to cruelty.41 citing judgments
• Section 86 Cruelty defined.1 citing judgment
• Section 87 Kidnapping, abducting or inducing woman to compel her marriage, etc.29 citing judgments
• Section 88 Causing miscarriage.1 citing judgment
• Section 89 Causing miscarriage without woman's consent.5 citing judgments
• Section 90 Death caused by act done with intent to cause miscarriage.
• Section 91 Act done with intent to prevent child being born alive or to cause to die after birth.2 citing judgments
• Section 92 Causing death of quick unborn child by act amounting to culpable homicide.
• Section 93 Exposure and abandonment of child under twelve years of age, by parent or person having care of it.1 citing judgment
• Section 94 Concealment of birth by secret disposal of dead body.4 citing judgments
• Section 95 Hiring, employing or engaging a child to commit an offence.1 citing judgment
• Section 96 Procuration of child.19 citing judgments
• Section 97 Kidnapping or abducting child under ten years of age with intent to steal from its person.
• Section 98 Selling child for purposes of prostitution, etc.3 citing judgments
• Section 99 Buying child for purposes of prostitution, etc.1 citing judgment
• Section 100 Culpable homicide.
• Section 101 Murder.1 citing judgment
• Section 102 Culpable homicide by causing death of person other than person whose death was intended.1 citing judgment
• Section 103 Punishment for murder.98 citing judgments
• Section 104 Punishment for murder by life-convict.2 citing judgments
• Section 105 Punishment for culpable homicide not amounting to murder.79 citing judgments
• Section 106 Causing death by negligence.15 citing judgments
• Section 107 Abetment of suicide of child or person of unsound mind.8 citing judgments
• Section 108 Abetment of suicide.251 citing judgments
• Section 109 Attempt to murder.158 citing judgments
• Section 110 Attempt to commit culpable homicide.23 citing judgments
• Section 111 Organised crime.60 citing judgments
• Section 112 Petty organised crime.7 citing judgments
• Section 113 Terrorist act.
• Section 114 Hurt.
• Section 115 Voluntarily causing hurt.4 citing judgments
• Section 116 Grievous hurt.1 citing judgment
• Section 117 Voluntarily causing grievous hurt.2 citing judgments
• Section 118 Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt by dangerous weapons or means.3 citing judgments
• Section 119 Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to extort property, or to constrain to an illegal act.
• Section 120 Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to extort confession, or to compel restoration of property.1 citing judgment
• Section 121 Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt to deter public servant from his duty.
• Section 122 Voluntarily causing hurt or grievous hurt on provocation.
• Section 123 Causing hurt by means of poison, etc., with intent to commit an offence.84 citing judgments
• Section 124 Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by use of acid, etc.1 citing judgment
• Section 125 Act endangering life or personal safety of others.5 citing judgments
• Section 126 Wrongful restraint.13 citing judgments
• Section 127 Wrongful confinement.1 citing judgment
• Section 128 Force.
• Section 129 Criminal force.1 citing judgment
• Section 130 Assault.
• Section 131 Punishment for assault or criminal force otherwise than on grave provocation.
• Section 132 Assault or criminal force to deter public servant from discharge of his duty.11 citing judgments
• Section 133 Assault or criminal force with intent to dishonour person, otherwise than on grave provocation.
• Section 134 Assault or criminal force in attempt to commit theft of property carried by a person.
• Section 135 Assault or criminal force in attempt to wrongfully confine a person.
• Section 136 Assault or criminal force on grave provocation.
• Section 137 Kidnapping.2 citing judgments
• Section 138 Abduction.
• Section 139 Kidnapping or maiming a child for purposes of begging.
• Section 140 Kidnapping or abducting in order to murder or for ransom, etc.1 citing judgment
• Section 141 Importation of girl or boy from foreign country.
• Section 142 Wrongfully concealing or keeping in confinement, kidnapped or abducted person.1 citing judgment
• Section 143 Trafficking of person.8 citing judgments
• Section 144 Exploitation of a trafficked person.1 citing judgment
• Section 145 Habitual dealing in slaves.
• Section 146 Unlawful compulsory labour.
• Section 147 Waging, or attempting to wage war, or abetting waging of war, against Government of India.
• Section 148 Conspiracy to commit offences punishable by section 147.
• Section 149 Collecting arms, etc., with intention of waging war against Government of India.1 citing judgment
• Section 150 Concealing with intent to facilitate design to wage war.
• Section 151 Assaulting President, Governor, etc., with intent to compel or restrain exercise of any lawful power.
• Section 152 Act endangering sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.9 citing judgments
• Section 153 Waging war against Government of any foreign State at peace with Government of India.
• Section 154 Committing depredation on territories of foreign State at peace with Government of India.
• Section 155 Receiving property taken by war or depredation mentioned in sections 153 and 154.
• Section 156 Public servant voluntarily allowing prisoner of State or war to escape.1 citing judgment
• Section 157 Public servant negligently suffering such prisoner to escape.
• Section 158 Aiding escape of, rescuing or harbouring such prisoner.
• Section 159 Abetting mutiny, or attempting to seduce a soldier, sailor or airman from his duty.
• Section 160 Abetment of mutiny, if mutiny is committed in consequence thereof.
• Section 161 Abetment of assault by soldier, sailor or airman on his superior officer, when in execution of his office.
• Section 162 Abetment of such assault, if assault committed.
• Section 163 Abetment of desertion of soldier, sailor or airman.
• Section 164 Harbouring deserter.1 citing judgment
• Section 165 Deserter concealed on board merchant vessel through negligence of master.
• Section 166 Abetment of act of insubordination by soldier, sailor or airman.1 citing judgment
• Section 167 Persons subject to certain Acts.
• Section 168 Wearing garb or carrying token used by soldier, sailor or airman.
• Section 169 Candidate, electoral right defined.
• Section 170 Bribery.1 citing judgment
• Section 171 Undue influence at elections.
• Section 172 Personation at elections.
• Section 173 Punishment for bribery.1 citing judgment
• Section 174 Punishment for undue influence or personation at an election.1 citing judgment
• Section 175 False statement in connection with an election.
• Section 176 Illegal payments in connection with an election.
• Section 177 Failure to keep election accounts.
• Section 178 Counterfeiting coin, Government stamps, currency-notes or bank-notes.4 citing judgments
• Section 179 Using as genuine, forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notes.2 citing judgments
• Section 180 Possession of forged or counterfeit coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notes.32 citing judgments
• Section 181 Making or possessing instruments or materials for forging or counterfeiting coin, Government stamp, currency-notes or bank-notes.1 citing judgment
• Section 182 Making or using documents resembling currency-notes or bank-notes.
• Section 183 Effacing writing from substance bearing Government stamp, or removing from document a stamp used for it, with intent to cause loss to Government.108 citing judgments
• Section 184 Using Government stamp known to have been before used.
• Section 185 Erasure of mark denoting that stamp has been used.
• Section 186 Prohibition of fictitious stamps.
• Section 187 Person employed in mint causing coin to be of different weight or composition from that fixed by law.2 citing judgments
• Section 188 Unlawfully taking coining instrument from mint.
• Section 189 Unlawful assembly.2 citing judgments
• Section 190 Every member of unlawful assembly guilty of offence committed in prosecution of common object.9 citing judgments
• Section 191 Rioting.10 citing judgments
• Section 192 Wantonly giving provocation with intent to cause riot-if rioting be committed; if not committed.
• Section 193 Liability of owner, occupier, etc., of land on which an unlawful assembly or riot takes place.6 citing judgments
• Section 194 Affray.11 citing judgments
• Section 195 Assaulting or obstructing public servant when suppressing riot, etc.
• Section 196 Promoting enmity between different groups on grounds of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, etc., and doing acts prejudicial to maintenance of harmony.1 citing judgment
• Section 197 Imputations, assertions prejudicial to national integration.1 citing judgment
• Section 198 Public servant disobeying law, with intent to cause injury to any person.1 citing judgment
• Section 199 Public servant disobeying direction under law.
• Section 200 Punishment for non-treatment of victim.